How can we avoid environmental disaster? Nowadays, in the home, most of us do our bit: we recycle. But what about industry, where the real damage is done? The strategy is the same: ‘reduce, resize, reuse’ – we try to minimize the damage. But there is a limitation to this well-intentioned approach: it maintains the one-way, ‘cradle to grave’ manufacturing model of the Industrial Revolution, the very model that creates immense amounts of waste and pollution in the first place. What we need is a major rethink, a new approach which directly combats the problem rather than slowly perpetuating it. An exciting, simple and groundbreaking new vision, Cradle to Cradle offers this approach. With clear, accessible – even humorous – arguments, celebrated chemist Michael Braungart and inspirational architect Bill McDonough challenge the set-in notion that human industry must damage the world. They look to nature and find a production system we can follow, a system of abundance rather than reduction, in which waste equals food. They show how we can mimic nature’s model to our commercial and environmental advantage, demonstrating how products can be designed as biological and technical nutrients that will continually circulate as pure and valuable materials, eradicating the need to ‘recycle’ – really downcycle – products into low-grade materials and uses. Cradle to Cradle’s theories have been put into practice across the world and will shape our future – they are implemented by major governments, big corporations, small, innovative independent businesses and university science departments, and are given high-profile backing by environmentalists and celebrity activists. This updated edition is essential reading, a bold, practical and overwhelmingly positive manifesto for an environmentally prosperous future, a world where we can make maximum profit from nature without destroying it.