詹姆斯•索罗维基(James Surowiecki)
《纽约客》杂志特约撰稿人。他的文章见诸很多出版物,包括《纽约时报》《华尔街日报》《艺术论坛报》《连线》杂志和《候选人名单》杂志。索罗维基最初在《纽约客》杂志的“金融专版”阐述了群体智慧的思想,回答了美国社会长期以来对群体智慧和团队决策能力的质疑。
发表于2024-11-12
The Wisdom of Crowds 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书
群体决策究竟智慧还是愚蠢?集权究竟高效还是低效?两者如何结合,并如何决定两种模式在什么情况下使用。这是群体心理学的诸多著述试图解决和研究的问题。 最具有耸动性的言论来自于勒庞,那就是群体的愚蠢,即乌合之众。乌合之众的形成是实实在在的现象,成因乃在于其组织的封...
评分作者举了很多例子证明了,在适当的条件下,群体的智慧是出色的(猜糖豆、电子市场),也举了很多反例,论述了在一些环境中,群体又是非常愚蠢,甚至疯狂的(泡沫、暴民)。在讨论群体的智慧时,本书把问题对象分为三类:认知问题、协调问题与合作问题。 在解决认知问题时,...
评分开始觉得是对勒庞思想的颠覆,但是读后觉得是相辅相成。因为两者对群体的定义不同,勒庞对群体的定义是无意识结构做主导时则形成群体,此时的群体做的决定是愚蠢,极端的。但索罗维基强调做出聪明决策的群体最主要一条就是要独立判断,要保持有意识结构,不被他人所影...
评分以下个人观感,主要是对个人独立性的关注,以及脑洞。 倘若按照一定的规则将群体组织起来,获得有效的结果,并以某种方式分析,那么,在存在确定答案的情况下,群体所得出的结论将是可能状况的最优解。 以上是我对此书的总结,书中对每个关键词都佐以了理论阐释和实验及观测...
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While our culture generally trusts experts and distrusts the wisdom of the masses, New Yorker business columnist Surowiecki argues that "under the right circumstances, groups are remarkably intelligent, and are often smarter than the smartest people in them." To support this almost counterintuitive proposition, Surowiecki explores problems involving cognition (we're all trying to identify a correct answer), coordination (we need to synchronize our individual activities with others) and cooperation (we have to act together despite our self-interest). His rubric, then, covers a range of problems, including driving in traffic, competing on TV game shows, maximizing stock market performance, voting for political candidates, navigating busy sidewalks, tracking SARS and designing Internet search engines like Google. If four basic conditions are met, a crowd's "collective intelligence" will produce better outcomes than a small group of experts, Surowiecki says, even if members of the crowd don't know all the facts or choose, individually, to act irrationally. "Wise crowds" need (1) diversity of opinion; (2) independence of members from one another; (3) decentralization; and (4) a good method for aggregating opinions. The diversity brings in different information; independence keeps people from being swayed by a single opinion leader; people's errors balance each other out; and including all opinions guarantees that the results are "smarter" than if a single expert had been in charge. Surowiecki's style is pleasantly informal, a tactical disguise for what might otherwise be rather dense material. He offers a great introduction to applied behavioral economics and game theory.
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有种穿越时光看过去的人如何群情激昂的感觉。。。。
评分有种穿越时光看过去的人如何群情激昂的感觉。。。。
评分有种穿越时光看过去的人如何群情激昂的感觉。。。。
评分有种穿越时光看过去的人如何群情激昂的感觉。。。。
评分有种穿越时光看过去的人如何群情激昂的感觉。。。。
The Wisdom of Crowds 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书