CONTENTS 7
INTRODUCTION 10
PART I GENERAL HISTORY OF THE WORD CULTURE 13
1. BRIEF SURVEY 14
2. CIVILIZATION 16
3· RELATION OF CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE 18
4. THE DISTINCTION OF CIVILIZATION FROM CULTURE IN AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY 18
5· THE ATTEMPTED DISTINCTION lN GERMANY 20
6. PHASES IN THE HISTORY OF THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE IN GERAIANY 23
7. CULTURE AS A CONCEPT OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY GENERAL HISTORY 23
8. KANT TO HEGEL 28
9. ANALYSIS OF KLEMM'S USE OF THE WORD ''CULTUR" 29
10. THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE IN GEIUIANY SINCE 1850 31
11. "KULTUR" AND "SCHRECKLTCHKEIT'' 33
12. DANILEYSKY 34
13. "CULTURE' IN THE HUMANITIES IN ENGLAND AND ELSEWHERE 34
14. DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS 38
15· GENERAL DISCUSSION 40
ADDENDUM: FEBVRE ON CIVILISATION 42
PARTII DEFINITIONS 44
INTRODUCTION 46
GROUP A: DESCRIPTIVE 48
GROUP B: HISTORICAL 52
EMPHASIS ON SOCIAL HERITAGE OR TRADITION 52
GROUP C: NORMATIVE 55
C-1. EMPHASIS ON RULE OR WAY 55
C-11. EMPHASIS ON IDEALS OR VALUES PLUS BEHAVIOR 57
GROUP D: PSYCHOLOGICAL 60
D-1. EMPHASIS ON ADJUSTMENT, ON CULTURE AS A PROBLEM-SOLVING DEVICE 60
D-11. EMPHASIS ON LEARNING 63
D-111. EMPHASIS ON HABIT 65
D-IV. PURELY PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFINITIONS 65
GROUP E: STRUCTURAL 66
EMPHASIS ON THE PATTERNING OR ORGANIZATION OF CULTURE 66
GROUP F: GENETIC 69
F-1. EMPHASIS ON CULTURE AS A PRODUCT OR ARTIFACT 69
F-11. EMPHASIS ON IDEAS 71
F-111. EMPHASIS ON SYMBOLS 74
F-IV. RESIDUAL CATEGORY DEFINITIONS 75
GROUP G: INCOMPLETE DEFINITIONS 77
INDEXES TO DEFINITIONS 78
PART III SOME STATEMENTS ABOUT CULTURE 85
INTRODUCTION 87
GROUP a: THE NATURE OF CULTURE 88
GROUP b: THE COMPONENTS OF CULTURE 99
GROUP c: DISTINCTIVE PROPERTIES OF CULTURE 103
GROUP d: CULTURE AND PSYCHOLOGY 106
GROUP e: CULTURE AND LANGUAGE 119
GROUP f: RELATION OF CULTURE TO SOCIETY, INDIVIDUALS,ENVIRONMENT, AND ARTIFACTS 129
ADDENDA 143
INDEX TO AUTHORS IN PART III 145
PART IV SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 146
A: SUMMARY 147
B: GENERAL FEATURES OF CULTURE 161
C. CONCLUSION 182
REFERENCES 193
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