目　　錄
引　言　不為利潤，但求價值…………………………………………………………………1
第一部分　美國非營利部門概述
第一章　定義“第三部門”……………………………………………………………………3
一　什麼是非營利部門？…………………………………………………………………5
二　為何需要非營利部門？………………………………………………………………13
三　美國非營利部門全景：規模、範圍與組成…………………………………………25
第二章　對手還是夥伴：與政府和商業的關係………………………………………………36
一　政府對非營利部門的扶持與監管……………………………………………………39
二　非營利部門對政府的補充、輔助與抗衡……………………………………………49
三　非營利部門與商業的關係……………………………………………………………56
第三章　“第三部門”的曆史形成……………………………………………………………64
一　美國早期的慈善活動（1601～1860年）……………………………………………67
二　公益事業的製度化（1861～1930年）………………………………………………76
三　“第三部門”的崛起（1931～2001年）……………………………………………85
第四章　新世紀的挑戰與趨勢…………………………………………………………………89
一　總體發展前景…………………………………………………………………………90
二　主要挑戰………………………………………………………………………………93
三　運作管理趨勢…………………………………………………………………………96
第二部分　非營利機構的運作與管理
第五章　宗旨第一………………………………………………………………………………107
一　一切從宗旨齣發………………………………………………………………………110
二　以戰略性眼光確立宗旨………………………………………………………………111
三　非營利部門的領導者…………………………………………………………………118
四　規劃……………………………………………………………………………………122
第六章　製度與人………………………………………………………………………………128
一　基本製度………………………………………………………………………………131
二　董事會…………………………………………………………………………………138
三　員工與誌願者…………………………………………………………………………151
第七章　從宗旨到戰略：創新、營銷與籌款…………………………………………………157
一　創新戰略………………………………………………………………………………159
二　營銷戰略………………………………………………………………………………166
三　籌款戰略………………………………………………………………………………172
第八章　可持續發展……………………………………………………………………………190
一　財政的可持續性………………………………………………………………………192
二　業績的可持續性………………………………………………………………………197
三　領導力的可持續性……………………………………………………………………205
第三部分　推動民間外交的非營利機構
第九章　關注民間外交…………………………………………………………………………213
一　從官方外交到民間外交………………………………………………………………217
二　為何需要民間外交？…………………………………………………………………225
三　非營利機構的外交優勢………………………………………………………………235
第十章　智庫：美國的“影子政府”…………………………………………………………241
一　美國智庫的昨天與今天………………………………………………………………244
二　智庫與政府決策………………………………………………………………………262
三　在意見市場中的運作…………………………………………………………………273
第十一章　基金會：以私人財富推動社會進步………………………………………………278
一　基金會是非營利部門的運作秘訣……………………………………………………283
二　基金會的運作與戰略…………………………………………………………………293
三　美國基金會與中國……………………………………………………………………305
第十二章　搭建中美之橋………………………………………………………………………313
一　中美民間外交的先鋒…………………………………………………………………316
二　美國社會瞭解中國的窗口……………………………………………………………326
三　美國華裔的特殊力量…………………………………………………………………334
後　記……………………………………………………………………………………………345
英文概要…………………………………………………………………………………………359
主要英文文獻資料………………………………………………………………………………362
Contents
Preface　Not for Profits, but for Values .................................／1
Part Ⅰ　Overview of America’s Nonprofit Sector
Chapter 1　Defining the “Third Sector” .................................／3
1　What is the Nonprofit Sector? .....................................／5
2　Why Do We Need the Nonprofit Sector? ..............................／13
3　The Anatomy of America’s Nonprofit Sector:
Scale, Scope, and Structure ......................................／25
Chapter 2　Adversaries or Partners: Relations with
Government and Business ......................................／36
1　Government Facilitation and Regulation ............................／39
2　Nonprofits as Supplements, Complements,
and Adversaries to Government ....................................／49
3　Relationship between Nonprofits and Business ......................／56
Chapter 3　Historical Developments of the “Third Sector” ...............／64
1　Charitable Activities in Early America, 1601-1860 .................／67
2　The Institutionalization of Philanthropy, 1861-1930 ...............／76
3　The Emergence of the “Third Sector,” 1931-2001 ..................／85
Chapter 4　Challenges and Trends in the New Century ......................／89
1　Overall Outlook ...................................................／90
2　Major Challenges ..................................................／93
3　Operational Trends ................................................／96
Part Ⅱ　Nonprofit Operation and Management
Chapter 5　The Mission Comes First .......................................／107
1　Why Mission Matters ...............................................／110
2　Vision-Directed Mission ...........................................／111
3　Nonprofit Leaders .................................................／118
4　Planning ..........................................................／122
Chapter 6　System and People .............................................／128
1　Basic Rules and Systems ...........................................／131
2　The Board .........................................................／138
3　Staff and Volunteers ..............................................／151
Chapter 7　From Mission to Strategies: Innovation,
Marketing,and Fundraising ....................................／157
1　Innovation Strategies .............................................／159
2　Marketing Strategies ..............................................／166
3　Fundraising Strategies ............................................／172
Chapter 8　Sustainability ................................................／190
1　Financial Sustainability ..........................................／192
2　Performance Sustainability ........................................／197
3　Leadership Sustainability .........................................／205
Part Ⅲ　Roles of Nonprofits in People-to- People Diplomacy
Chapter 9　Focusing on People-to-People Diplomacy ........................／213
1　From Government Diplomacy to People-to-People Diplomacy ...........／217
2　Why Do We Need People-to-People Diplomacy? ........................／225
3　Private Sector Involvement in Diplomacy: The Benefits . ...........／235
Chapter 10　Think Tanks: America’s“Shadow Government” .................／241
1　The Origin and Evolution of American Think Tanks ..................／244
2　Think Tanks and Policymaking ......................................／262
3　Think Tank Management .............................................／273
Chapter 11　Foundations:Using Private Wealth to Advance Social Progress ..／278
1　The Operational Secret of the Nonprofit Sector ....................／283
2　Foundation Operation and Strategy .................................／293
3　American Foundations and China ....................................／305
Chapter 12　Bridging the United States and China .........................／313
1　A Pioneer in U.S.-China People-to-People Diplomacy ................／316
2　A Window into China for Americans .................................／326
3　Special Contributions of Chinese Americans ........................／334
Epilogue .................................................................／345
Synopsis(in English) .....................................................／359
Selected Bibliography(in English) ........................................／362
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