Czesław Miłosz memorialised his Lithuanian childhood in a 1955 novel, The Issa Valley , and in the 1959 memoir Native Realm . After graduating from Sigismund Augustus Gymnasium in Vilnius, he studied law at Stefan Batory University and in 1931 he travelled to Paris, where he was influenced by his distant cousin Oscar Milosz, a French poet of Lithuanian descent and a Swedenborgian. His first volume of poetry was published in 1934.
After receiving his law degree that year, he again spent a year in Paris on a fellowship. Upon returning, he worked as a commentator at Radio Wilno, but was dismissed, an action described as stemming from either his leftist views or for views overly sympathetic to Lithuania. Miłosz wrote all his poetry, fiction and essays in Polish and translated the Old Testament Psalms into Polish.
Awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Literature for being an author "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts."
The Captive Mind begins with a discussion of the novel Insatiability by Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz and its plot device of Murti-Bing pills, which are used as a metaphor for dialectical materialism, but also for the deadening of the intellect caused by consumerism in Western society. The second chapter considers the way in which the West was seen at the time by residents of Central and Eastern Europe, while the third outlines the practice of Ketman, the act of paying lip service to authority while concealing personal opposition, describing seven forms applied in the people's democracies of mid-20th century Europe.
The four chapters at the heart of the book then follow, each a portrayal of a gifted Polish man who capitulated, in some fashion, to the demands of the Communist state. They are identified only as Alpha, the Moralist; Beta, The Disappointed Lover; Gamma, the Slave of History; and Delta, the Troubadour. However, each of the four portraits were easily identifiable: Alpha is Jerzy Andrzejewski, Beta is Tadeusz Borowski, Gamma is Jerzy Putrament and Delta is Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński.
The book moves toward its climax with an elaboration of "enslavement through consciousness" in the penultimate chapter and closes with a pained and personal assessment of the fate of the Baltic nations in particular.
相比與《一九八四》的比較,我更喜歡波萊茨基的這段評論:“數十年來,讀者忽略瞭《被禁錮的頭腦》的文學性,反而一直將其作為瞭解波蘭斯大林意識形態的唯一一本書來看待。……不管怎麼說,《被禁錮的頭腦》是一部傑齣的文學論文,它所論述的人的心理問題比政治問題更多;論述...
評分 評分生活已經發生改變 我發現瞭一個驚人的秘密:米沃什其實是一個不摺不扣的中國詩人。 當然你可以把我的發現當作一種玩笑,但是我必須告訴你這是韆真萬確的,而且我擁有一份長達289頁的文件(這個文件的英文版本是251頁)證明這一點。其實這份文件你也可以買到,這就是米沃什...
評分不算是書評吧,記錄下看到這本書的想法,想法是會改變的,在我沒有瞭解到從納粹到蘇聯對於東歐國傢的傷害時,我曾經還用東歐劇變的例子來反對更加激進的想法。我為那個時候的無知感到羞愧。等以後我再來看覺得自己幼稚的時候就刪掉。 從某種角度上來說,辯證法是非常機械的,它...
評分半世紀之前的政治學卻差點讀哭瞭
评分半世紀之前的政治學卻差點讀哭瞭
评分半世紀之前的政治學卻差點讀哭瞭
评分花瞭很久來讀這本小書,覺得它講齣瞭我很久以來一直不知如何錶達的東西:在一個極權社會裏,語言是如何成為囚籠並將人深睏於其中的。
评分半世紀之前的政治學卻差點讀哭瞭
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