An Act of State

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出版者:Verso
作者:William F. Pepper
出品人:
页数:320
译者:
出版时间:2003-01-17
价格:USD 25.00
装帧:Hardcover
isbn号码:9781859846957
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 政治惊悚
  • 国际关系
  • 外交
  • 历史
  • 间谍
  • 阴谋
  • 美国政治
  • 冷战
  • 调查报道
  • 回忆录
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具体描述

On the evening of April 4 1968, Martin Luther King was in Memphis supporting a workers' strike. By the end of the day, top-level army snipers were in the position to knock him out if ordered. Two military officers were in place on the roof of a fire station near the Lorraine Motel, to photograph the events. Two black firemen had been ordered not to report to duty that day and a black Memphis Police Department detective on surveillance duty in the fire station was physically removed from his post and taken home. Dr King's room at the motel was changed from a secluded ground-floor room to number 306 on the balcony. Lloyd Jowers, owner of Jim's Grill which backed on to the motel from the other side of the street, had already received $100,000 in cash for his agreement to participate in the assassination. He was to go out into the brush area behind the grill with the shooter and take possession of the gun immediately after the fatal shot was fired. When the dust settled, King had been hit, and a clean-up procedure was immediately set in motion. James Earl Ray was effectively framed, the snipers dispersed, any witness who could not be controlled were killed, and the crime scene was destroyed. William pepper, attorney and friend of Dr King and the King family, became convinced after years of investigation that not only was Ray not the shooter, but that King had been targeted as part of a larger conspiracy to stop the anti-war movement, and to prevent King from gaining momentum in his promising Poor People's campaign. Ten years into his investigation, in 1988, Pepper agreed to represent Ray. While he was never able to successfully appeal the sentence before Ray's death, he was bale to build an air-tight case against the real perpetrators. In 1999, Lloyd Jowers and co-conspirators were brought to trial in a wrongful death civil action suit on behalf of the King family. Seventy witnesses set out the details of a conspiracy in a plot to murder King that involved J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI, Richard Helms and the CIA, the military, the local Memphis police, and organized crime figures from New Orleans and Memphis. The evidence was unimpeachable. The jury took an hour to find for the. But the silence following these shocking revelations was deafening. Like the pattern during all the investigations of the assassination throughout the years, no major media outlet would cover the story. It was effectively buried. Until now, the details, evidence, and personalities of all these nefarious characters have gone unreported. In An Act of State, you finally have the truth before you - how the United States government effectively shut down one of the most galvanising movements for social change by stopping its leader dead in his tracks.

权力边界的探寻:一部关于现代国家与法律哲学的深度剖析 图书名称:《法治的幽灵与国家的诞生:从自然法到法律实证主义的百年回响》 作者: [此处留空,或填写一个与原书名主题不相关的虚构作者名,例如:亚历山大·科尔宾] 字数预估: 约1500字 --- 内容简介: 《法治的幽灵与国家的诞生:从自然法到法律实证主义的百年回响》并非一部关于特定政治事件或外交行动的叙事性历史,而是一部深入剖析西方政治哲学与法律理论基石的思辨之作。本书聚焦于一个核心问题:现代国家权力(The Act of State)的合法性基础究竟植根于何处? 作者通过对十七世纪至二十世纪初思想史的梳理,系统地探讨了权力行使的道德约束与法律框架的构造过程,旨在揭示看似坚不可摧的国家权威背后,那些不断被质疑、重塑乃至遗忘的哲学幽灵。 本书的叙事结构围绕两条平行的思想主线展开:一是自然法传统的衰落与重构,二是法律实证主义的兴起及其对主权概念的解构。 第一部分:洛克的余晖与霍布斯的阴影——主权的起源与自然状态的迷思 在第一部分中,作者首先回溯了现代主权概念的胚胎时期。我们审视了托马斯·霍布斯在《利维坦》中构建的那个为了逃避“一切人反对一切人”的自然状态而自愿让渡权力的“巨兽”。然而,本书的重点不在于描述霍布斯的理论,而是探讨这种让渡是如何在后来的自由主义思潮中被侵蚀和修正的。 我们深入分析了约翰·洛克关于财产和有限政府的思想,如何为后来的宪政主义提供了理论武器。但作者指出,洛克的理论在面对国家机器日益庞大的现实时,其“自然权利”的约束力显得苍白无力。此部分通过对早期契约论的细致辨析,确立了本书讨论的起点:国家权力的行使,即便基于人民的同意,其界限也远非清晰可见。 它探讨了早期的法律思想如何试图在绝对服从与个人自由之间划定一条永恒的界线,而这种界线的模糊性,正是“法治幽灵”得以存在的土壤。 第二部分:实证主义的浪潮与法律的去形而上化 本书的理论核心转向了十九世纪和二十世纪初的法律实证主义运动。作者认为,随着社会复杂性的增加和对形而上学思辨的疲惫,法律理论迫切需要一个“去魔化”的过程,将法律与道德、宗教彻底分离。 我们详细剖析了约翰·奥斯丁(John Austin)关于“命令、主权者和制裁”的三位一体的定义,探讨了这种将法律等同于强制性命令的观点,如何为现代官僚国家提供了最直接的理论支撑。紧接着,本书将焦点转向汉斯·凯尔森(Hans Kelsen)的纯粹法理论。凯尔森试图通过构建一个“纯粹”的法律秩序,排除一切社会学和政治学的干扰,将法律的效力追溯至一个假定的“基本规范”(Grundnorm)。 本书对纯粹法的批判性分析尤为深入。作者质疑道:一个完全基于自身效力体系运作的法律系统,如何确保其最终的“国家行为”不至于沦为纯粹的权力展示?凯尔森的理论在逻辑上自洽,但它在实践中似乎为一切国家行为提供了后验的合法性解释,使法律成了一种纯粹的描述性科学,而非规范性的批判工具。我们考察了实证主义如何成功地将法律的“应该如此”转化为“本来如此”,从而在理论层面为国家权力的扩张提供了坚实的“无菌”基础。 第三部分:法律的边界与伦理的重负——不确定的时代 在第三部分,本书将目光投向了实证主义的局限性。当国家行为超越了明确的立法和既定的宪法框架时,法律的“边界”在哪里? 作者转向分析了后实证主义者,如H.L.A. Hart对奥斯丁的修正,特别是关于“承认规则”(Rule of Recognition)的探讨。然而,即使承认规则本身也存在着不确定性和解释空间。本书强调,正是在法律的“硬边缘”(hard cases),国家的“行为”展现出其最赤裸的政治本质。在这些模糊地带,法官、行政官员,乃至最高决策者所做的选择,不再是简单地“适用”现行法律,而是实质上“创造”或“重塑”法律。 本书的结论部分,并非提供一个新的理论框架,而是对前述思想流派进行了一次清算式的反思。它指出,无论是诉诸自然法的普遍道德,还是诉诸实证法的形式逻辑,都未能完全驯服国家权力的任意性。“法治的幽灵”,即对公正、合理和限度的永恒追求,将永远伴随着每一个行使国家职能的“行为”。本书最终导向的认识是:对国家权力的持续警惕和对法律解释的永不满足,才是公民社会保持活力的真正来源。 《法治的幽灵与国家的诞生》是一部献给法律理论家、政治哲学家以及所有对现代治理结构抱有深刻疑问的读者的著作。它剥开法律条文的表皮,直视权力运作的内在逻辑与永恒的道德困境。

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