基思•斯坦諾維奇 （Keith E. Stanovich）

加拿大多倫多大學應用心理學和人類發展的榮譽退休教授，也是加拿大應用認知科學的前研究主席。

他的研究領域是推理和閱讀的心理學機製。他著有200多篇科學論文和7本書。在一項對於論文引用率的調查中，斯坦諾維奇位列引用率最高的50位發展心理學傢之一，也是25位最高産的教育心理學傢之一。丹尼爾•卡尼曼在其諾奬緻辭中也多次引用斯坦諾維奇的研究成果。

斯坦諾維奇獲奬無數。他於2012年榮獲美國心理學會頒發的桑代剋終身成就奬，也是唯一兩次獲得國際閱讀協會頒發的阿爾伯特 J. 哈裏斯奬的學者。

斯坦諾維奇著有暢銷書《對“僞心理學”說不》，該書被全球400多所高等教育機構采用。他還著有《超越智商：為什麼聰明人也會做蠢事》《機器人叛亂：在達爾文時代找到意義》《現代社會中的決策與理性》等書。

譯者：

張斌，南開大學心理學博士，任教於上海體育學院應用心理學係。

Critics of intelligence tests - writers such as Robert Sternberg, Howard Gardner, and Daniel Goleman - have argued in recent years that these tests neglect important qualities such as emotion, empathy, and interpersonal skills. However, such critiques imply that though intelligence tests may miss certain key noncognitive areas, they encompass most of what is important in the cognitive domain. In this book, Keith Stanovich challenges this widely held assumption.Stanovich shows that IQ tests (or their proxies, such as the SAT) are radically incomplete as measures of cognitive functioning. They fail to assess traits that most people associate with "good thinking", skills such as judgement and decision-making. Such cognitive skills are crucial to real-world behaviour, affecting the way we plan, evaluate critical evidence, judge risks and probabilities, and make effective decisions. IQ tests fail to assess these skills of rational thought, even though they are measurable cognitive processes. Rational thought is just as important as intelligence, Stanovich argues, and it should be valued as highly as the abilities currently measured on intelligence tests.