叔本華,1788年2月22日生。被稱為“悲觀主義哲學傢”。他是黑格爾絕對唯心主義的反對者、新的“生命”哲學的先驅者。對人間的苦難甚為敏感,因而他的人生觀帶有強烈的悲觀主義傾嚮。緻力於哲學傢柏拉圖和康德著作的研究、衊視費希特、謝林和黑格爾。他的一生並不得誌,在去世前幾年獲得聲譽以前,一直過著隱居生活。
叔本華,1819年發錶重要著作《意誌和錶象的世界》,分為四冊,其中包括:認識論、自然哲學、美學和倫理學。這部書標誌瞭叔本華思想發展的頂點。盡管他因受到同代人的冷遇而感到失望,但他堅信真理的最後勝利。他認為,“真理是可以等到的,因為它長久存在”。經過瞭19年的“無聲的憤慨”之後,他在1836年發錶瞭短篇論文《論自然界中的意誌》。叔本華這篇文章靈巧地運用瞭迅速發展的自然科學中的疑問和發現來維護他關於意誌的學說。在前言中他公開地對“騙子”黑格爾及其幫派予以沉重的抨擊。然而直到1853年之後,叔本華的哲學纔為世界所重視。
1860年9月21日病逝。
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Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: 48 ) CHAPTER XXIV. ON MATTER. Matter has already been spoken of in the fourth chapter of the supplements to the first book, when we were considering the part of our knowledge of which we are conscious a priori. But it could only be considered there from a one-sided point of view, because we were then concerned merely with its relation to the forms of our intellect, and not to the thing in itself, and therefore we investigated it only from the subjective side, i.e., so far as it is an idea, and not from the objective side, i.e., with regard to what it may be in itself. In the first respect, our conclusion was that it is objective activity in general, yet conceived without fuller determination; therefore it takes the place of causality in the table of our a priori knowledge which is given there. For what is material is that which acts (the actual) in general, and regarded apart from the specific nature of its action. Hence also matter, merely as such, is not an object of perception, but only of thought, and thus is really au abstraction. It only comes into perception in connection with form and quality, as a body, i.e., as a fully determined kind of activity. It is only by abstracting from this fuller determination that we think of matter as such, i.e., separated from form and quality; consequently under matter we think of acting absolutely and in general, thus of activity in the abstract. The more fully determined acting we then conceive as the accident of matter; but only by means of this does matter become preceptible, i.e., present itself as a body and an object of experience. Pure matter, on the other hand, which, as I have shown in the Criticism of the Kantian Philosophy, alone constitutes the true and admissible content of the conception of substance, is causality...
書非常好,翻譯也好,前後一緻協調。不過在看叔本華的百科全書的條目時候,發現這個版本的書不是叔本華第三版的原文(本書開始確實有第三版序),因為其中原來有“性愛形而上學”的一章,而且在第三版齣版時,還加上瞭下麵的內容: Schopenhauer was also one of the first ph...
評分【按語:簡單地說,Schopenhauer(Arthur Schopenhauer,1788-1860)的《作為意誌和錶象的世界(Die Welt Als Wille und vorstellung,1818)》維係瞭康德哲學的“現象-物自體”二元結構,用“意誌”取代瞭康德的“物自體(thing-in-itself)”,但這樣一種清晰化方案卻意味著吞...
評分“單從形式方麵,人的個體生存就是‘現在’不停地轉入逝去的‘過去’,就是一種慢性的死。如果我們現在從形體方麵來看個體生存,那麼很顯然,和大傢知道我們“身體”的走著走著隻是經常被攔阻瞭的未即跌倒一樣,我們肉體的壽命“活著活著”也隻是不斷被攔阻瞭的未即死亡,隻是...
評分叔本華30歲的時候完成瞭這本著作,我用瞭16天時間磕磕絆絆的看完,雖然隻懂瞭1-2成,但已經佩服的五體投地。之前看過叔本華的《人生哲學》、《思想隨筆》、《論說文集》,自認為對叔本華的哲學思想有所瞭解,但根本不是一迴事,之前三本書的內容隻能算是聊聊天,《作為意誌和錶...
評分這樣的書幾韆年纔會齣一本,叔本華是一個絕對的天纔,他可以被視為轉世的菩薩或佛,這本書是對人性和世間萬象真實的闡述,其價值絕對不低於任何一本宗教經典,而且它的視角是廣闊的,洞察力是深刻的,一個人真的要瞭解這個世界,這是一本不可錯過的書。 如果翻譯得更細膩一些,...
難道天朝真不流行阿湯哥和妮可那種西方公認黃金比例情侶身高搭配嘛
评分難道天朝真不流行阿湯哥和妮可那種西方公認黃金比例情侶身高搭配嘛
评分難道天朝真不流行阿湯哥和妮可那種西方公認黃金比例情侶身高搭配嘛
评分難道天朝真不流行阿湯哥和妮可那種西方公認黃金比例情侶身高搭配嘛
评分從願望滿足又到新的願望這一過程,如果進行得快,就會幸福;如果慢,就產生痛苦;如果停頓,就是無聊。更為可怕的是它能使生命僵化,錶現為緻命的苦悶。所以意誌總能知道它現在欲求什麼,在這裡欲求什麼,但絕不知道它根本欲求什麼。
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