Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was born in Malmesbury. Entering Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1603, he took his degree in 1608 and became tutor to the eldest son of Lord Cavendish of Hardwick, afterwards the Earl of Devonshire; his connection with this family was life-long. His first interest was in the classics, and his first published work a translation of Thucydides, in 1628. An interest in science and philosophy soon developed, heightened by extended travels in Europe in 1629-31 and 1634-37. This led to his great project of a political science. His first verson of this, The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic, was privately circulated in 1640, when Parliament was hotly disputing the king’s powers, and Hobbes fled to Paris, where he stayed for eleven years.
A second version, De Cive, was published in 1642, and the third, Leviathan—the crowning achievement of his political science—in 1651. It was so influential that it came under widespread attack and was in danger of condemnation by the House of Commons. Hobbes perforce lived quietly and published little more on political matters. At the age of eighty-four he composed an autobiography in Latin verse, and within the next three years translated the whole of Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad.
发表于2024-05-14
Leviathan 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书
霍布斯的逻辑 《利维坦》这本书是霍布斯描述的一种关于“国家”的构想。他的逻辑是:1、基于人性,如果没有强力的约束,人类一定会陷入无休止的暴力内乱;2、人们当然会遵循自然法,其中第二自然法似乎特别重要:“在别人也愿意这样做的条件下,当一个人为了和平与自卫的目的认...
评分霍布斯的逻辑 《利维坦》这本书是霍布斯描述的一种关于“国家”的构想。他的逻辑是:1、基于人性,如果没有强力的约束,人类一定会陷入无休止的暴力内乱;2、人们当然会遵循自然法,其中第二自然法似乎特别重要:“在别人也愿意这样做的条件下,当一个人为了和平与自卫的目的认...
评分昨天忽然想到了前一段时间读《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》时注意到的:《利维坦》中的某些话是直接从修昔底德那里抄来的。不加引号地引用别人的话这种事情霍布斯干得熟极而流,施特劳斯在《霍布斯的政治哲学》中指出了他对亚里士多德大段大段的“借鉴”。此外,我也曾挑出了他跟柏拉图...
评分罗马法规定,有一种罪人,叫做“神圣的人”,其特点在于: (1)他不可被用来祭祀, (2)人人可以杀死他而不被判处谋杀。 其中(1)表明他是神法的例外,(2)表明他是人法的例外。 在古罗马,人法和神法是相互联系在一起的。在人法中处死一个人,必然是作为给神的献祭的,...
评分今天,当我们谈到民主与专制时,恐怕没有人会怀疑两者孰优孰劣。似乎历史已经向我们证明了:专制是邪恶的、落后的、愚昧的象征,民主是正义的、先进的、智慧的象征,民主制度终将取代专制制度。 然而,这样的普世观念是我们自己认真思考后得出的结论吗?这其中是否掺杂有偏见?...
图书标签: 霍布斯 政治哲学 Hobbes 政治学 哲学 政治 利维坦 Politics
“During the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called Warre”
Written during the turmoil of the English Civil War, Leviathan is an ambitious and highly original work of political philosophy. Claiming that man’s essential nature is competitive and selfish, Hobbes formulates the case for a powerful sovereign—or “Leviathan”—to enforce peace and the law, substituting security for the anarchic freedom he believed human beings would otherwise experience. This worldview shocked many of Hobbes’s contemporaries, and his work was publicly burnt for sedition and blasphemy when it was first published. But in his rejection of Aristotle’s view of man as a naturally social being, and in his painstaking analysis of the ways in which society can and should function, Hobbes opened up a whole new world of political science.
Based on the original 1651 text, this edition incorporates Hobbes’s own corrections, while also retaining the original spelling and punctuation, to read with vividness and clarity. C. B. Macpherson’s introduction elucidates one of the most fascinating works of modern philosophy for the general reader.
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
Sovereign; natural state (evil and hostile); state of war;
评分一周速读...
评分就读过的章节言,感觉霍布斯最精彩,也似乎最可信的部分,在于他用一种'工具理性'为国家的正当性作辩护—假如我们要走出互相提防的囚徒困境,那么便要设立一个国家;人性是否'本恶'并非重点,重点是自然状态下我们没有理由相信他人的善意—这似乎确实是一个可以被普遍接受的促使我们设立国家的理由。但令我难以信服的是,'工具理性'是否足以支撑'利维坦'的结构及(出于同样的自利条件)臣民应无条件服从统治的论证?霍布斯似乎还需要一系列的经验性主张都成立才能构成利维坦建立之后我们无条件服从的理由(否则就会重回自然状态!),而这些主张是否成立需要实证研究支持(而很多根据我们已有的经验证明是错误的)—这大概也是那些'反直觉'的论证不那么精彩的原因。从中可以体会到用'工具理性'作论证进路的优点和局限
评分Sovereign; natural state (evil and hostile); state of war;
评分收了一本
Leviathan 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书