Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was born in Malmesbury. Entering Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1603, he took his degree in 1608 and became tutor to the eldest son of Lord Cavendish of Hardwick, afterwards the Earl of Devonshire; his connection with this family was life-long. His first interest was in the classics, and his first published work a translation of Thucydides, in 1628. An interest in science and philosophy soon developed, heightened by extended travels in Europe in 1629-31 and 1634-37. This led to his great project of a political science. His first verson of this, The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic, was privately circulated in 1640, when Parliament was hotly disputing the king’s powers, and Hobbes fled to Paris, where he stayed for eleven years.
A second version, De Cive, was published in 1642, and the third, Leviathan—the crowning achievement of his political science—in 1651. It was so influential that it came under widespread attack and was in danger of condemnation by the House of Commons. Hobbes perforce lived quietly and published little more on political matters. At the age of eighty-four he composed an autobiography in Latin verse, and within the next three years translated the whole of Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad.
发表于2025-03-16
Leviathan 2025 pdf epub mobi 电子书
什么是世界的均质化?世界的均质化是近代自然科学发展的必然结果。自然科学追求知识的确定性,认为世界必须在一种严密、精确、可传达的方法中得到理解。数学正是达到这种确定性和精确性的最佳方法。牛顿物理学是整个近代哲学思维方式的根基,而牛顿给他的物理学著作就取名为《...
评分今天,当我们谈到民主与专制时,恐怕没有人会怀疑两者孰优孰劣。似乎历史已经向我们证明了:专制是邪恶的、落后的、愚昧的象征,民主是正义的、先进的、智慧的象征,民主制度终将取代专制制度。 然而,这样的普世观念是我们自己认真思考后得出的结论吗?这其中是否掺杂有偏见?...
评分人的本性是利己,所谓的利他来自两个原因:一是,如果你的利己行为伤害了他人的利益,会遭到他人的打击,这会导致利己的失败,所以有时候为了达到利己的目的,必须利他;二是,一个人利己的能力有限,团结了更多人就有更大的力量来实现利己。 国家和保险公司的性质有点像。我们...
评分很惭愧我才看完这本震古烁今的政治哲学著作。作者托马斯 霍布斯生活在17世纪,出身贫寒,不过自幼聪颖好思考,去了一个大伯爵家当家庭教师,自此走入上流社会,与迄今仍然影响力很大的名流交往,这些人包括伽利略、培根、笛卡尔。他的一生是不断适应环境、力图生存的一生,曾在...
评分今天翻了一下读书笔记,找到今年9月份的旧稿,时隔两个月后,读了些解读利维坦的文章和书籍,对本文越发不满意,尤其是最后一部分。现在删掉了一些文字,还有将近一万字,发出来给徐驭尧和刘晴过目一下,有时间重新写一篇。又:9月份的时候并不是很了解施特劳斯——当然现在也...
图书标签: 霍布斯 政治哲学 Hobbes 政治学 哲学 政治 利维坦 Politics
“During the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called Warre”
Written during the turmoil of the English Civil War, Leviathan is an ambitious and highly original work of political philosophy. Claiming that man’s essential nature is competitive and selfish, Hobbes formulates the case for a powerful sovereign—or “Leviathan”—to enforce peace and the law, substituting security for the anarchic freedom he believed human beings would otherwise experience. This worldview shocked many of Hobbes’s contemporaries, and his work was publicly burnt for sedition and blasphemy when it was first published. But in his rejection of Aristotle’s view of man as a naturally social being, and in his painstaking analysis of the ways in which society can and should function, Hobbes opened up a whole new world of political science.
Based on the original 1651 text, this edition incorporates Hobbes’s own corrections, while also retaining the original spelling and punctuation, to read with vividness and clarity. C. B. Macpherson’s introduction elucidates one of the most fascinating works of modern philosophy for the general reader.
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
Sovereign; natural state (evil and hostile); state of war;
评分真的不是太看得进去!
评分一周速读...
评分And how is he desperate yet hopeful about human condition all the times, how his agony and conflicts show from these letters.
评分一周速读...
Leviathan 2025 pdf epub mobi 电子书