簡·奧斯汀（Jane Austen，1775年12月16日－1817年7月18日）是英國著名女性小說傢，她的作品主要關注鄉紳傢庭女性的婚姻和生活，以女性特有的細緻入微的觀察力和活潑風趣的文字真實地描繪瞭她周圍世界的小天地。

奧斯汀終身未婚，傢道小康。由於居住在鄉村小鎮，接觸到的是中小地主、牧師等人物以及他們恬靜、舒適的生活環境，因此她的作品裏沒有重大的社會矛盾。她以女性特有的細緻入微的觀察力，真實地描繪瞭她周圍世界的小天地，尤其是紳士淑女間的婚姻和愛情風波。她的作品格調輕鬆詼諧，富有喜劇性衝突，深受讀者歡迎。從18世紀末到19世紀初，庸俗無聊的“感傷小說”和“哥特小說”充斥英國文壇，而奧斯汀的小說破舊立新，一反常規地展現瞭當時尚未受到資本主義工業革命衝擊的英國鄉村中産階級的日常生活和田園風光。她的作品往往通過喜劇性的場麵嘲諷人們的愚蠢、自私、勢利和盲目自信等可鄙可笑的弱點。奧斯汀的小說齣現在19世紀初葉，一掃風行一時的假浪漫主義潮流，繼承和發展瞭英國18世紀優秀的現實主義傳統，為19世紀現實主義小說的高潮做瞭準備。雖然其作品反映的廣度和深度有限，但她的作品如“兩寸牙雕”，從一個小窗口中窺視到整個社會形態和人情世故，對改變當時小說創作中的庸俗風氣起瞭好的作用，在英國小說的發展史上有承上啓下的意義，被譽為地位“可與莎士比亞平起平坐”的作傢。

簡·奧斯丁齣生在英國漢普郡斯蒂文頓鎮的一個牧師傢庭，過著祥和、小康的鄉居生活。兄弟姐妹共八人，奧斯丁排行第六。她從未進過正規學校，隻是九歲時，曾被送往姐姐的學校伴讀。她的姐姐卡桑德拉是她畢生最好的朋友，然而奧斯丁的啓濛教育卻更多得之於她的父親。奧斯丁酷愛讀書寫作，還在十一、二歲的時候，便已開始以寫作為樂事瞭。成年後奧斯丁隨全傢遷居多次。1817年，奧斯丁已抱病在身，為瞭求醫方便，最後一次舉傢再遷。然而在到瞭曼徹斯特後不過兩個多月，她便去世瞭。死後安葬在溫徹斯特大教堂。簡·奧斯丁終身未嫁。逝世時僅為四十一歲。

《傲慢與偏見》主講瞭奧斯丁的諷刺藝術，不僅錶現在某些人物的喜劇性格上，也不僅錶現在眾多情節的喜劇性處理上，而且還融匯在整個故事的反諷構思中，讓現實對人們的主觀臆想進行嘲諷。男主角達西最初斷定，貝內特傢有那麼多不利因素，幾個女兒很難找到有地位的男人，可後來恰恰是他娶瞭伊麗莎白。而伊麗莎白呢，她曾發誓決不嫁給達西，可最後還是由她做瞭達西夫人。再看看那個不可一世的凱瑟琳·德布爾夫人，為瞭阻止伊麗莎白與她外甥達西攀親，她不辭辛勞，親自齣馬，先是跑來威嚇伊麗莎白，繼而跑去訓誡達西，殊不知正是她這次奔走為兩位默默相戀的青年通瞭信息，促成瞭他們的美滿結閤。更令人啼笑皆非的是，就在這幾位“智者”受到現實嘲弄的同時，書中那位最可笑的“愚人”貝內特太太，最後卻被證明是最正確的。她認為：“有錢的單身漢總要娶位太太，這是一條舉世公認的真理。”這種荒謬與“真理”的滑稽轉化，盡管超越瞭一般意義上的是非觀念，但卻體現瞭作者對生活的深刻思索。

It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife."Next to the exhortation at the beginning of Moby-Dick, "Call me Ishmael," the first sentence of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice must be among the most quoted in literature. And certainly what Melville did for whaling Austen does for marriage——tracing the intricacies (not to mention the economics) of 19th-century British mating rituals with a sure hand and an unblinking eye. As usual, Austen trains her sights on a country village and a few families——in this case, the Bennets, the Philips, and the Lucases. Into their midst comes Mr. Bingley, a single man of good fortune, and his friend, Mr. Darcy, who is even richer. Mrs. Bennet, who married above her station, sees their arrival as an opportunity to marry off at least one of her five daughters. Bingley is complaisant and easily charmed by the eldest Bennet girl, Jane; Darcy, however, is harder to please. Put off by Mrs. Bennet's vulgarity and the untoward behavior of the three younger daughters, he is unable to see the true worth of the older girls, Jane and Elizabeth. His excessive pride offends Lizzy, who is more than willing to believe the worst that other people have to say of him; when George Wickham, a soldier stationed in the village, does indeed have a discreditable tale to tell, his words fall on fertile ground.

Having set up the central misunderstanding of the novel, Austen then brings in her cast of fascinating secondary characters: Mr. Collins, the sycophantic clergyman who aspires to Lizzy's hand but settles for her best friend, Charlotte, instead; Lady Catherine de Bourgh, Mr. Darcy's insufferably snobbish aunt; and the Gardiners, Jane and Elizabeth's low-born but noble-hearted aunt and uncle. Some of Austen's best comedy comes from mixing and matching these representatives of different classes and economic strata, demonstrating the hypocrisy at the heart of so many social interactions. And though the novel is rife with romantic misunderstandings, rejected proposals, disastrous elopements, and a requisite happy ending for those who deserve one, Austen never gets so carried away with the romance that she loses sight of the hard economic realities of 19th-century matrimonial maneuvering. Good marriages for penniless girls such as the Bennets are hard to come by, and even Lizzy, who comes to sincerely value Mr. Darcy, remarks when asked when she first began to love him: "It has been coming on so gradually, that I hardly know when it began. But I believe I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberley." She may be joking, but there's more than a little truth to her sentiment, as well. Jane Austen considered Elizabeth Bennet "as delightful a creature as ever appeared in print". Readers of Pride and Prejudice would be hard-pressed to disagree. ——Alix Wilber

點擊鏈接進入中文版：

傲慢與偏見