史蒂文·夏平(Steven Shapin,1943-),当代著名科学知识社会学家、科学史家。爱丁堡学派的主要成员之一。历任英国爱丁堡大学科学研究部讲师、高级讲师,加州大学圣地亚哥分校社会学教授,哈佛大学科学史教授。代表作有《利维坦与空气泵:霍布斯、玻意耳与实验生活》(1985)、《真理的社会史:十七世纪英格兰的文明与科学》(1994)以及《科学革命》(1996)。
西蒙·谢弗(Simon Schaffer, 1955-),剑桥大学科学史与科学哲学教授,剑桥大学达尔文学院研究员,曾执教于伦敦大学帝国理工学院、加州大学洛杉矶分校,合著有《利用实验:对自然科学的研究》(1989)、《启蒙欧洲的科学》(1999)等。
发表于2024-11-22
Leviathan and the Air-Pump 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书
“本书是一项科学知识社会学的演练。” 以“解答可能在于‘成员说法’(member's account)和‘外人说法’(stranger's account)之间的差别“为起点,作者尝试通过”扮演外人“的方法,”打破环绕在以实验生产知识之方法的周围那种不证自明的光环“。 ”在玻意耳的实验纲领中看...
评分王 哲① 刘 兵② (清华大学人文社会科学学院科学技术与社会研究所,北京,100084) 内容摘要:1985年,《利维坦与空气泵》(Leviathan and the Air-Pump)一书出版以来国内外学者对此书都给予了高度的重视,但大多集中在对社会因素的关注上,而本文作者则着重分析了此书的科学...
评分今天打开豆瓣猜,看到了这本书。豆瓣竟然把它归类为科普,实在让我吃惊不小。作为一本科学建构主义的“经典”之作,它被翻译成中文其实是迟早的事(中华大地上的遗老遗少正在疯狂的借用“后现代主义”的胡言乱语),我实在不忍心放过评价这本书的机会,让国人看清楚这本书到底...
评分版权归作者所有,任何形式转载请联系作者。 作者:Kirinyaga_^_(来自豆瓣) 来源:https://www.douban.com/note/722125009/ 原则上最开放的知识形式,实际上变得最封闭。 当人们逐渐认清我们的认知形式有其约定俗成而人为的一面,就可以了解,我们认识的根本是我们自身,而不...
评分Shapin与Schaffer这本书,是SSK研究中最具争议的一本,在许多人如Steven Weinberg或Alan Sokal眼里,这本书就是胡扯八道。在我读过的科学社会学著作中,这一本也是相对让我不能接受的。不是不接受它的观点,而是它的论证方式。 Shapin等人基本的认识论立场来自于后期维特根斯...
图书标签: 科学史 科学思想史 STS 哲学 SSK 知识社会学 夏平 观念史
In the aftermath of the English Civil War, as people were groping for new forms of political order, Robert Boyle built an air-pump to do exper-iments. Does the story of Roundheads and Restoration have something to do with the origins of experimental sci-ence? Schaffer and Shapin believed it does. Focusing on the debates between Boyle and his archcritic Thomas Hobbes over the air-pump, the authors proposed that "solutions to the problem of knowledge are solutions to the problem of social order." Both Boyle and Hobbes were looking for ways of establishing knowledge that did not decay into ad hominem attacks and political division. Boyle proposed the experiment as cure. He argued that facts should be manufactured by machines like the air-pump so that gentlemen could witness the experiments and produce knowledge that everyone agreed on. Hobbes, by contrast, looked for natural law and viewed experiments as the artificial, unreliable products of an exclusive guild. The new approaches taken in Leviathan and the Air-Pump have been enormously influential on historical studies of science. Shapin and Schaffer found a moment of scientific revolution and showed how key scientific givens--facts, interpretations, experiment, truth--were fundamental to a new political order. Shapin and Schaffer were also innovative in their ethnographic approach. Attempting to understand the work habits, rituals, and social structures of a remote, unfamiliar group, they argued that politics were tied up in what scientists did, rather than what they said.
good af: come to the *moment* of demarcation/a history of science is a history of politics, and vice versa
评分rigorous historical work; outrageous conclusion
评分good af: come to the *moment* of demarcation/a history of science is a history of politics, and vice versa
评分赛先生的德先生这两剂复兴国族光荣的药方最后演变成corporate capitalism,两者背后所代表的知识特质除了具有相互牵扯的发展之外,经常出现冲突的情形,特别是将科学知识视作一种意识形态而检视其内生价值及文化力量时,也能清楚发现科学及技术的背后性质,常能挑战、威胁甚至破坏自由民主政治体制的基本原则与运作。
评分rigorous historical work; outrageous conclusion
Leviathan and the Air-Pump 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书