史蒂文·夏平(Steven Shapin,1943-),当代著名科学知识社会学家、科学史家。爱丁堡学派的主要成员之一。历任英国爱丁堡大学科学研究部讲师、高级讲师,加州大学圣地亚哥分校社会学教授,哈佛大学科学史教授。代表作有《利维坦与空气泵:霍布斯、玻意耳与实验生活》(1985)、《真理的社会史:十七世纪英格兰的文明与科学》(1994)以及《科学革命》(1996)。
西蒙·谢弗(Simon Schaffer, 1955-),剑桥大学科学史与科学哲学教授,剑桥大学达尔文学院研究员,曾执教于伦敦大学帝国理工学院、加州大学洛杉矶分校,合著有《利用实验:对自然科学的研究》(1989)、《启蒙欧洲的科学》(1999)等。
发表于2024-11-05
Leviathan and the Air-Pump 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书
史蒂夫·夏平,西蒙·谢弗:《利维坦与空气泵:霍布斯、波意耳与实验生活》,蔡佩君译,上海世纪出版集团2008年版 【按:这本科学史著作很有意思,记录了霍布斯与波义耳就空气泵与实验方法的争论,并将这一争论还原到查理二世复辟后的政治背景与两人各自的政治态度上,即霍布斯...
评分“本书是一项科学知识社会学的演练。” 以“解答可能在于‘成员说法’(member's account)和‘外人说法’(stranger's account)之间的差别“为起点,作者尝试通过”扮演外人“的方法,”打破环绕在以实验生产知识之方法的周围那种不证自明的光环“。 ”在玻意耳的实验纲领中看...
评分真理的第三条道路 ——从《利维坦》看科学的权力关系 寻求和发现真理的道路只有两条,也只能有两条。一条是从感觉和特殊事物飞到最普遍的公理,把这些原理看成固定和不变的真理,然后从这些原理出发,来进行判断和发现中间的公理。这条路是现在流行的。另一条道路是从...
评分罗豫/文 西方知识界不像中国老百姓那样把“科学”视为一个褒义形容词。对此,后现代主义解构一切的努力功不可没。维特根斯坦的“语言游戏”说受其顶礼膜拜,建构主义更是其重要理论武器。《利维坦与空气泵:霍布斯、玻意耳与实验生活》就是这一派早期的得意之作。美国科学史家...
评分今天打开豆瓣猜,看到了这本书。豆瓣竟然把它归类为科普,实在让我吃惊不小。作为一本科学建构主义的“经典”之作,它被翻译成中文其实是迟早的事(中华大地上的遗老遗少正在疯狂的借用“后现代主义”的胡言乱语),我实在不忍心放过评价这本书的机会,让国人看清楚这本书到底...
图书标签: 科学史 科学思想史 STS 哲学 SSK 知识社会学 夏平 观念史
In the aftermath of the English Civil War, as people were groping for new forms of political order, Robert Boyle built an air-pump to do exper-iments. Does the story of Roundheads and Restoration have something to do with the origins of experimental sci-ence? Schaffer and Shapin believed it does. Focusing on the debates between Boyle and his archcritic Thomas Hobbes over the air-pump, the authors proposed that "solutions to the problem of knowledge are solutions to the problem of social order." Both Boyle and Hobbes were looking for ways of establishing knowledge that did not decay into ad hominem attacks and political division. Boyle proposed the experiment as cure. He argued that facts should be manufactured by machines like the air-pump so that gentlemen could witness the experiments and produce knowledge that everyone agreed on. Hobbes, by contrast, looked for natural law and viewed experiments as the artificial, unreliable products of an exclusive guild. The new approaches taken in Leviathan and the Air-Pump have been enormously influential on historical studies of science. Shapin and Schaffer found a moment of scientific revolution and showed how key scientific givens--facts, interpretations, experiment, truth--were fundamental to a new political order. Shapin and Schaffer were also innovative in their ethnographic approach. Attempting to understand the work habits, rituals, and social structures of a remote, unfamiliar group, they argued that politics were tied up in what scientists did, rather than what they said.
good af: come to the *moment* of demarcation/a history of science is a history of politics, and vice versa
评分经典著作嘛。打气筒就是漏气的。
评分有点意外,这书读起来其实还蛮有意思的。。这种方法似乎也可以用在近代中国科学/玄学、中医/西医的各种有关真理、知识、科学普及的“研究”里去。
评分1。行文有大妈八卦气质。2。作者不是学science的。
评分终于把它从头到尾读了一遍,有种并不意外的亲切感。
Leviathan and the Air-Pump 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书