Computational Propaganda

出版者:Oxford University Press

作者:Samuel C . Woolley

页数:288

出版时间:2018-11-15

价格:GBP 64.00

装帧:Hardcover

isbn号码:9780190931407

具体描述

Social media platforms do not just circulate political ideas, they support manipulative disinformation campaigns. While some of these disinformation campaigns are carried out directly by individuals, most are waged by software, commonly known as bots, programmed to perform simple, repetitive, robotic tasks. Some social media bots collect and distribute legitimate information, while others communicate with and harass people, manipulate trending algorithms, and inundate systems with spam. Campaigns made up of bots, fake accounts, and trolls can be coordinated by one person, or a small group of people, to give the illusion of large-scale consensus. Some political regimes use political bots to silence opponents and to push official state messaging, to sway the vote during elections, and to defame critics, human rights defenders, civil society groups, and journalists. This book argues that such automation and platform manipulation, amounts to a new political communications mechanism that Samuel Woolley and Philip N. Noward call "computational propaganda." This differs from older styles of propaganda in that it uses algorithms, automation, and human curation to purposefully distribute misleading information over social media networks while it actively learns from and mimicks real people so as to manipulate public opinion across a diverse range of platforms and device networks. This book includes cases of computational propaganda from nine countries (both democratic and authoritarian) and four continents (North and South America, Europe, and Asia), covering propaganda efforts over a wide array of social media platforms and usage in different types of political processes (elections, referenda, and during political crises).

作者简介

Samuel C. Woolley is Assistant Professor in the School of Journalism at the University of Texas, Austin.

Philip N. Howard is Director and Professor at the Oxford Internet Institute at University of Oxford.

They are the co-founders of the Computational Propaganda Project. This research endeavour is focused on the study of the manipulation of public opinion via online spaces. The project is based at the Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford.

目录信息

Part I: Theoretical Introduction and Analytical Frame
Introduction: Computational Propaganda Worldwide
Chapter 1 - Russia: The Origins of Digital Misinformation
Chapter 2 - Ukraine: External Threats and Internal Challenges
Chapter 3 - Canada: Building Bot Typologies
Chapter 4 - Poland: Unpacking the Ecosystem of Social Media Manipulation
Chapter 5 - Taiwan: Digital Democracy Meets Automated Autocracy
Chapter 6 - Brazil: Political Bot Intervention During Pivotal Events
Chapter 7 - Germany: A Cautionary Tale
Chapter 8 - United States: Manufacturing Consensus Online
Chapter 9 - China: An Alternative Model of a Widespread Practice
Conclusion: Political Parties, Politicians, and Computational Propaganda
Index
· · · · · · (收起)

用户评价

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这本书的语言风格，坦率地说，带着一种近乎冷峻的诗意。它不像某些畅销书那样追求华丽辞藻的堆砌，而是以一种极其克制和精准的文字，勾勒出宏大而又微小的世界。句子结构错落有致，长短句的运用达到了炉火纯青的地步，使得阅读过程本身就成了一种享受。我注意到作者在描述环境时，常常使用一些非常独特的意象，这些意象并非传统意义上的优美，却充满了力量感和时代感，仿佛直接从现实的肌理中剥离出来一般。这种叙事调性，让读者在阅读时，不得不放慢脚步，去咀嚼每一个词汇背后的重量。它成功地营造了一种疏离却又极具穿透力的观察视角，使得读者在被故事吸引的同时，还能保持一份冷静的批判性思维。这种平衡的艺术，在当代文学作品中是极其难得的。

关于这部小说的整体氛围营造，我必须强调其令人窒息的真实感。它成功地将一个虚构的世界构建得如此有血有肉，以至于你很难将它与现实抽离。作者对细节的关注达到了近乎偏执的程度，从特定历史时期的物品陈设，到人物说话时特有的口音和用词习惯，无一不体现出严谨的考据和扎实的功底。这种沉浸式的体验，让读者仿佛被直接拽入了故事发生的那个时空。整体而言，它不仅仅满足了读者对一个引人入胜故事的需求，更提供了一次深刻的智力冒险。读完合上书页的那一刻，那种意犹未尽的感觉和久久不能散去的思考余韵，恰恰是衡量一部优秀文学作品的最高标准。

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这部新作的叙事手法实在令人耳目一新，作者仿佛是一位高明的魔术师，将复杂的社会现象编织成一张引人入胜的网。开篇的几章，场景的切换之迅速，人物刻画之细腻，让人几乎能闻到空气中弥漫的紧张气息。特别是对于主角内心挣扎的描写，那种深层次的、近乎哲学层面的困惑与探寻，笔触之老辣，绝非初出茅庐者可比。我尤其欣赏作者在处理情节转折时的那种“不着痕迹”，所有的铺垫都自然而然地导向那个惊心动魄的高潮，读到后半部分时，我完全沉浸其中，甚至忽略了周围的一切。故事的节奏把握得极佳，既有如疾风骤雨般的动作场面，也有如静水流深般的哲思片段，两者交替出现，使得阅读体验如同品尝一杯层次丰富的陈年佳酿，回味无穷。那些次要人物，虽然出场时间不长，却个个鲜活立体，他们的言行举止都似乎承载着某种更深远的寓意，让整个故事的骨架显得异常坚实有力。

If content was simply blocked or deleted, users would soon realize that this content was missing and, perhaps, be more susceptible to influence by this kind of content if they did discover it.

If content was simply blocked or deleted, users would soon realize that this content was missing and, perhaps, be more susceptible to influence by this kind of content if they did discover it.

If content was simply blocked or deleted, users would soon realize that this content was missing and, perhaps, be more susceptible to influence by this kind of content if they did discover it.

If content was simply blocked or deleted, users would soon realize that this content was missing and, perhaps, be more susceptible to influence by this kind of content if they did discover it.

还是要找新的路径渠道，这几年对Online Disinfomation的研究很像是找不到出路的传播、政治以及语言学人士汇聚的边缘社科——听了作者之一的Nicholas Monaco在Carnegie Council Audio Podcast的访谈，都是新鲜材料，谈得也算生动，但就是让人觉得没劲