The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

American historian and philosopher of science, a leading contributor to the change of focus in the philosophy and sociology of science in the 1960s. Thomas Samuel Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a doctorate in theoretical physics from Harvard University in 1949. But he later shifted his interest to the history and philosophy of science, which he taught at Harvard, the University of California at Berkeley, Princeton University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).In 1962, Kuhn published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which depicted the development of the basic natural sciences in an innovative way. According to Kuhn, the sciences do not uniformly progress strictly by scientific method. Rather, there are two fundamentally different phases of scientific development in the sciences. In the first phase, scientists work within a paradigm (set of accepted beliefs). When the foundation of the paradigm weakens and new theories and scientific methods begin to replace it, the next phase of scientific discovery takes place. Kuhn believes that scientific progress—that is, progress from one paradigm to another—has no logical reasoning. Kuhn's theory has triggered widespread, controversial discussion across many scientific disciplines.

出版者:University Of Chicago Press

作者:Thomas S. Kuhn

页数:264

出版时间:2012-4-30

价格:USD 15.00

装帧:Paperback

isbn号码:9780226458120

图书标签:科学哲学哲学科学史science历史科学英文版科学人文

A good book may have the power to change the way we see the world, but a great book actually becomes part of our daily consciousness, pervading our thinking to the point that we take it for granted, and we forget how provocative and challenging its ideas once were—and still are. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is that kind of book. When it was first published in 1962, it was a landmark event in the history and philosophy of science. Fifty years later, it still has many lessons to teach.

With The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn challenged long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation but that the revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of “normal science,” as he called it. Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in our biotech age.

This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work in the history of science includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including paradigm and incommensurability, and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. Newly designed, with an expanded index, this edition will be eagerly welcomed by the next generation of readers seeking to understand the history of our perspectives on science.

读后感

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原文发表于《世界哲学》2004年第3期。 刘钢 译 1．引言 《科学革命的结构》（以下简称《结构》）一书出版后，库恩因其明显的相对主义的观点受到了批判。在辩护的过程中，库恩把自己说成是哲学家中的历史学家，所持的是历史学家关于科学进步的观点。在《结构》第二版的后记中，...  

一、关于范式 每个科学共同体都有着自己的一组承诺，以及自己的如何从事研究的模型。除了令人瞩目之外，科学成就还必须： 1、“空前地吸引一批坚定的用户者”，使他们脱离科学活动的其他竞争模式； 2、它们必须是开放性的，具有许多的问题，以留待“重新组成的一批实践者去解决...  

《科学革命的结构》这本书，并不是一本著名的人类学读物，但是正如物理学家们整日标榜自己所学是万能的学科一样，我们还是得承认，科学一旦成为了一种科学史，对于其他的学科以及社会的发展都很有借鉴的意义。 　　作者希望通过这本书，来改变一种对于科学的认识，那么既然...  

用户评价

so good

社会学可以杀死哲学（Hegel），给了科学（Physical Science）致命一击（Kuhn），又曾对文学下手（Moretti），不知有没有被其他杀死的一天啊，比如生物？

学科学出身的人，表述确实清晰许多

理解范式

A rough but powerful scientific philosophy, it pulls sciences down from the superior altar, indicating sciences is delicate but still volatile outcome of human perception and mind structure/ Paradigm do matters