American historian and philosopher of science, a leading contributor to the change of focus in the philosophy and sociology of science in the 1960s. Thomas Samuel Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a doctorate in theoretical physics from Harvard University in 1949. But he later shifted his interest to the history and philosophy of science, which he taught at Harvard, the University of California at Berkeley, Princeton University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
In 1962, Kuhn published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which depicted the development of the basic natural sciences in an innovative way. According to Kuhn, the sciences do not uniformly progress strictly by scientific method. Rather, there are two fundamentally different phases of scientific development in the sciences. In the first phase, scientists work within a paradigm (set of accepted beliefs). When the foundation of the paradigm weakens and new theories and scientific methods begin to replace it, the next phase of scientific discovery takes place. Kuhn believes that scientific progress—that is, progress from one paradigm to another—has no logical reasoning. Kuhn's theory has triggered widespread, controversial discussion across many scientific disciplines.
发表于2024-04-28
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书
庫恩在該書中提出了一個重要的中心觀念,即所謂“典範”(paradigm)。Paradigm的觀念是庫恩從維特根斯坦的wittgenstein那裡借來的。 根據庫恩的理論,一切科學革命都必然要基本上牽涉到所謂“典範”的改變。簡單的說,“典範”可以有廣義狹義二義: 廣義指一門科學研究中的全...
评分【这本书我也是粗略的看了一下,而且整理了一些豆瓣书评,将其汇总,利于初读者掌握,在此感谢前人对本书的看法与评论。后面的一些章节没有具体分开来讲,读者可参看其他书评。】 《科学革命的结构》读后感 第一章 绪论 在绪论中,作者已经把本文要表达的主...
评分《自然辨证法》 恩格斯 著 中共中央马、恩、列、斯著作编译局译 1971年8月1版 1971年9月1印 《科学革命的结构》 [美国] 托马斯•库恩 著 金吾伦 胡新和 译 北京大学出版社 2003年1月1版 2006年10月5印 以下引文中A表示前书,B表示后书 把这两本书放在一起比较,两位作...
评分好的方面先不说了,个人有以下四点拙见: 1. 作者在论述中有自己的态度:相对赞成科技革命,而反对保守旧式。因而在对其论述中有明显的倾向性,这点在标题里没有体现出来。标题起得大而泛。 2. 想阐述的观点没有一个明晰的纲要,比如谜、反常、危机三点之间的性质,明明是有关...
评分常在自然科学、社会科学当中看到范式一词,那么范式究竟是什么意思呢?本文旨在探讨自然科学中范式的概念。 最早提出自然科学提出范式一词的人是科学哲学家托马斯·库恩(Thomas Kunn) 提出并在《科学革命的结构》(The Structure of Scientific Revolutions)(1962)中系...
图书标签: 科学哲学 哲学 科学史 science 历史 科学 英文版 科学人文
A good book may have the power to change the way we see the world, but a great book actually becomes part of our daily consciousness, pervading our thinking to the point that we take it for granted, and we forget how provocative and challenging its ideas once were—and still are. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is that kind of book. When it was first published in 1962, it was a landmark event in the history and philosophy of science. Fifty years later, it still has many lessons to teach.
With The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn challenged long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation but that the revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of “normal science,” as he called it. Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in our biotech age.
This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work in the history of science includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including paradigm and incommensurability, and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. Newly designed, with an expanded index, this edition will be eagerly welcomed by the next generation of readers seeking to understand the history of our perspectives on science.
Kuhn presents his "paradigm shift" with a paradigm grounding rules while opening ends; and a shift realised when an anomaly parts the prior commitment and constructs a new foundation. Interestingly noticed that Kuhn reckons "Gestalt switch" as the one terminates the anomaly, which we don't know yet why it occur.
评分A rough but powerful scientific philosophy, it pulls sciences down from the superior altar, indicating sciences is delicate but still volatile outcome of human perception and mind structure/ Paradigm do matters
评分开始的步步坚定到最后一章全面围攻,关于科学神秘客观又直线进步的神秘面纱被整个扯下,只留着一个“不知道目标的进化过程”稍可安慰。不可通约性需要小心界定,以及要读读polanyi看看两个人说的有多像了。
评分A rough but powerful scientific philosophy, it pulls sciences down from the superior altar, indicating sciences is delicate but still volatile outcome of human perception and mind structure/ Paradigm do matters
评分学科学出身的人,表述确实清晰许多
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书