American historian and philosopher of science, a leading contributor to the change of focus in the philosophy and sociology of science in the 1960s. Thomas Samuel Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a doctorate in theoretical physics from Harvard University in 1949. But he later shifted his interest to the history and philosophy of science, which he taught at Harvard, the University of California at Berkeley, Princeton University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
In 1962, Kuhn published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which depicted the development of the basic natural sciences in an innovative way. According to Kuhn, the sciences do not uniformly progress strictly by scientific method. Rather, there are two fundamentally different phases of scientific development in the sciences. In the first phase, scientists work within a paradigm (set of accepted beliefs). When the foundation of the paradigm weakens and new theories and scientific methods begin to replace it, the next phase of scientific discovery takes place. Kuhn believes that scientific progress—that is, progress from one paradigm to another—has no logical reasoning. Kuhn's theory has triggered widespread, controversial discussion across many scientific disciplines.
发表于2024-11-22
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书
【这本书我也是粗略的看了一下,而且整理了一些豆瓣书评,将其汇总,利于初读者掌握,在此感谢前人对本书的看法与评论。后面的一些章节没有具体分开来讲,读者可参看其他书评。】 《科学革命的结构》读后感 第一章 绪论 在绪论中,作者已经把本文要表达的主...
评分庫恩在該書中提出了一個重要的中心觀念,即所謂“典範”(paradigm)。Paradigm的觀念是庫恩從維特根斯坦的wittgenstein那裡借來的。 根據庫恩的理論,一切科學革命都必然要基本上牽涉到所謂“典範”的改變。簡單的說,“典範”可以有廣義狹義二義: 廣義指一門科學研究中的全...
评分好的方面先不说了,个人有以下四点拙见: 1. 作者在论述中有自己的态度:相对赞成科技革命,而反对保守旧式。因而在对其论述中有明显的倾向性,这点在标题里没有体现出来。标题起得大而泛。 2. 想阐述的观点没有一个明晰的纲要,比如谜、反常、危机三点之间的性质,明明是有关...
评分《科学革命的结构》这本书,并不是一本著名的人类学读物,但是正如物理学家们整日标榜自己所学是万能的学科一样,我们还是得承认,科学一旦成为了一种科学史,对于其他的学科以及社会的发展都很有借鉴的意义。 作者希望通过这本书,来改变一种对于科学的认识,那么既然...
评分图书标签: 科学哲学 哲学 科学史 science 历史 科学 英文版 科学人文
A good book may have the power to change the way we see the world, but a great book actually becomes part of our daily consciousness, pervading our thinking to the point that we take it for granted, and we forget how provocative and challenging its ideas once were—and still are. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is that kind of book. When it was first published in 1962, it was a landmark event in the history and philosophy of science. Fifty years later, it still has many lessons to teach.
With The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn challenged long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation but that the revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of “normal science,” as he called it. Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in our biotech age.
This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work in the history of science includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including paradigm and incommensurability, and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. Newly designed, with an expanded index, this edition will be eagerly welcomed by the next generation of readers seeking to understand the history of our perspectives on science.
开始的步步坚定到最后一章全面围攻,关于科学神秘客观又直线进步的神秘面纱被整个扯下,只留着一个“不知道目标的进化过程”稍可安慰。不可通约性需要小心界定,以及要读读polanyi看看两个人说的有多像了。
评分不記得上一次讀是什麼時候了。這次重讀的幾個小亮點:1)最後一章引了一次Art and Illusion; 2) 儘管在論點上有不少類似之處,《物種起源》直到最後一章才出現; 3) Hacking簡介里對於"paradigm"的前世今生的討論蠻有趣的 。
评分即使一些观点已经过时或者并不正确,还是一本必须读的书。
评分虽然说的是科学,但是很有意思,引人入胜。
评分社会学可以杀死哲学(Hegel),给了科学(Physical Science)致命一击(Kuhn),又曾对文学下手(Moretti),不知有没有被其他杀死的一天啊,比如生物?
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书