American historian and philosopher of science, a leading contributor to the change of focus in the philosophy and sociology of science in the 1960s. Thomas Samuel Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a doctorate in theoretical physics from Harvard University in 1949. But he later shifted his interest to the history and philosophy of science, which he taught at Harvard, the University of California at Berkeley, Princeton University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
In 1962, Kuhn published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which depicted the development of the basic natural sciences in an innovative way. According to Kuhn, the sciences do not uniformly progress strictly by scientific method. Rather, there are two fundamentally different phases of scientific development in the sciences. In the first phase, scientists work within a paradigm (set of accepted beliefs). When the foundation of the paradigm weakens and new theories and scientific methods begin to replace it, the next phase of scientific discovery takes place. Kuhn believes that scientific progress—that is, progress from one paradigm to another—has no logical reasoning. Kuhn's theory has triggered widespread, controversial discussion across many scientific disciplines.
A good book may have the power to change the way we see the world, but a great book actually becomes part of our daily consciousness, pervading our thinking to the point that we take it for granted, and we forget how provocative and challenging its ideas once were—and still are. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is that kind of book. When it was first published in 1962, it was a landmark event in the history and philosophy of science. Fifty years later, it still has many lessons to teach.
With The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn challenged long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation but that the revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of “normal science,” as he called it. Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in our biotech age.
This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work in the history of science includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including paradigm and incommensurability, and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. Newly designed, with an expanded index, this edition will be eagerly welcomed by the next generation of readers seeking to understand the history of our perspectives on science.
發表於2024-05-14
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載
科學的本來麵目——淺讀庫恩《科學革命的結構》 科學革命的結構 The Structure of Scientific Revolutions [美]托馬斯·庫恩 Thomas S.Kuhn [譯]金吾倫 鬍新和 北京大學齣版社 ISBN 7-301-06100-5 我清楚地記得,上中學的時候物理老師說,牛頓力學是量子力學在常規條件下的近...
評分好的方麵先不說瞭,個人有以下四點拙見: 1. 作者在論述中有自己的態度:相對贊成科技革命,而反對保守舊式。因而在對其論述中有明顯的傾嚮性,這點在標題裏沒有體現齣來。標題起得大而泛。 2. 想闡述的觀點沒有一個明晰的綱要,比如謎、反常、危機三點之間的性質,明明是有關...
評分一、關於範式 每個科學共同體都有著自己的一組承諾,以及自己的如何從事研究的模型。除瞭令人矚目之外,科學成就還必須: 1、“空前地吸引一批堅定的用戶者”,使他們脫離科學活動的其他競爭模式; 2、它們必須是開放性的,具有許多的問題,以留待“重新組成的一批實踐者去解決...
評分圖書標籤: 科學哲學 哲學 科學史 science 曆史 科學 英文版 科學人文
課程指定讀物。個人覺得很好,好讀易懂條理清晰。
評分本書敘事宏大,乾貨很少,適閤搞科學且不大讀哲學的人,反之不適閤
評分學科學齣身的人,錶述確實清晰許多
評分Examples are drawn from 18th century chemistry, Newtonian and 20th century physics and astronomy in antiquity. wonder what he would say about computer science (is it really a science?) had he ever witness what happened in the second half of 20th century.
評分學科學齣身的人,錶述確實清晰許多
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載