Madness and Civilization

米歇尔・福柯，20世纪极富挑战性和反叛性的法国思想家。青年时期就学于巴黎高等师范学校，以后曾担任多所大学的教职。1970年起任法兰西学院思想系统史教授，直至逝世。 福柯振奋多多数研究致力于考察具体的历史，由此开掘出众多富有冲击力的思想主题，从而激烈地批判现代理性话语；同时，福柯的行文风格具有鲜明的文学色彩，讲究修辞，饱含激情，这也是他在欧美世界产生巨大影响的一个重要原因。

出版者:Vintage

作者:Michel Foucault

页数:320

译者:Richard Howard

出版时间:1988-11-28

价格:USD 15.95

装帧:Paperback

isbn号码:9780679721109

丛书系列:Vintage Foucault

图书标签:Foucault哲学Philosophy福柯社会学历史History疯癫与文明

This was Michel Foucault's first major book, written while he was the Director of the Maison de France in Sweden. It examines ideas, practices, institutions, art and literature relating to madness in Western history.

Foucault begins his history in the Middle Ages, noting the social and physical exclusion of lepers. He argues that with the gradual disappearance of leprosy, madness came to occupy this excluded position. The ship of fools in the 15th century is a literary version of one such exclusionary practice, the practice of sending mad people away in ships. However, during the Renaissance, madness was regarded as an all-abundant phenomena because humans could not come close to the Reason of God. As Cervantes' Don Quixote, all humans are ridiculous weak to desires and dissimulation. Therefore, the insane, understood as one who has come too close to God's Reason, was accepted in the middle of society. It is not before the 17th century, in a movement which Foucault famously describes as the Great Confinement, that "unreasonable" members of the population systematically were locked away and institutionalised. In the 18th century, madness came to be seen as the obverse of Reason, that is, as having lost what made them human and become animal-like and therefore treated as such. It is not before 19th century that madness became mental illness that should be cured, e.g. Freud. Later it was demonstrated that the large increase in confinement did not happen in 17th but in the 19th century, somewhat undermining his argument.

Foucault also argues that madness during Renaissance had the power to signify the limits of social order and to point to a deeper truth. This was silenced by the Reason of Enlightenment. He also examines the rise of modern scientific and "humanitarian" treatments of the insane, notably at the hands of Philippe Pinel and Samuel Tuke. He claims that these modern treatments were in fact no less controlling than previous methods. Tuke's country retreat for the mad consisted of punishing the madmen until they gave up their commitment to madness. Similarly, Pinel's treatment of the mad amounted to an extended aversion therapy, including such treatments as freezing showers and use of a straitjacket. In Foucault's view, this treatment amounted to repeated brutality until the pattern of judgment and punishment was internalized by the patient.

读后感

疯癫与文明【法】米歇尔福柯 “人类必然会疯癫到这种地步，即不疯癫也只是另一种形式的疯癫”——帕斯卡 四种疯癫：浪漫化的疯癫；狂妄自大的疯癫；正义惩罚的疯癫；绝望情欲的疯癫（P24-26） 在堕落之前，傲慢是人类犯下的罪孽。自堕落之后，游手好闲是人类傲慢的最极端...  

福柯的钥匙 一次要感谢无规可循的阅读,在各种后现代理论著作被大量翻译引进之际，在福柯被如日中天地炒作，“人之死”，“解构”，“身体—权力”等字眼以疯癫的频率出现于各种大报小刊之时，我幸运的读到了这本《疯癫与文明》。据说，在福柯这颗20世纪最伟大的头脑中产生了...

扉页上，福柯创作这篇作品也就是他的博士论文是在一九六四年左右，在当时几经修改出现了缩写本，也就是我们现在看到的《疯癫与文明---理性时代的疯癫史》并且广受好评。要了解福柯的思想或者做一个全面的概括的提升是不可能的，这本书我看过两遍，看完仍旧在很多地方都认识的模...  

福柯于1961年发表的博士论文《疯癫和文明》是他的第一部著作，由此开始他关于理性与系谱学的探索。在这部书中他向我们指出：我们现有的关于疯癫的知识都是理性的噪音，真正的疯癫在缄默。本文是该书的学习笔记，旨在综述福柯关于理性、非理性与疯癫的关系、疯癫的话语与权力的...  

用户评价

已讀，已忘。

abridged

已讀，已忘。

忘记标记了 读的第一本福柯但也是目前最喜欢的❤️

好玩