榮格，是著名心理學傢，分析心理學的創始人。1909年，弗洛伊德把他定為精神分析運動的法定繼承人，稱他為“王儲”。1911年，在弗洛伊德的舉薦下，榮格擔任國際精神分析學地第一任主席。榮格大師一生緻力於心理學研究，以意識與無意識、自我與自己為軸心，將不同時間、空間、文化、人性等結閤成一個整體，構成他特有的巨大思想結構。他的分析心理學理論自成一傢，成為舉世公認的權威。榮格在性格哲學方麵的研究，可以說填補瞭一大空白，從此，“性格決定命運”有瞭科學的哲學依據。

One of the most important of Jung's longer works, and probably the most famous of his books, "Psychological Types" appeared in German in 1921 after a "fallow period" of eight years during which Jung had published little. He called it "the fruit of nearly twenty years' work in the domain of practical psychology," and in his autobiography he wrote: "This work sprang originally from my need to define the ways in which my outlook differed from Freud's and Adler's. In attempting to answer this question, I came across the problem of types; for it is one's psychological type which from the outset determines and limits a person's judgment. My book, therefore, was an effort to deal with the relationship of the individual to the world, to people and things. It discussed the various aspects of consciousness, the various attitudes the conscious mind might take toward the world, and thus constitutes a psychology of consciousness regarded from what might be called a clinical angle." In expounding his system of personality types Jung relied not so much on formal case data as on the countless impressions and experiences derived from the treatment of nervous illnesses, from intercourse with people of all social levels, "friend and foe alike," and from an analysis of his own psychological nature. The book is rich in material drawn from literature, aesthetics, religion, and philosophy. The extended chapters that give general descriptions of the types and definitions of Jung's principal psychological concepts are key documents in analytical psychology.