亞當·斯密(Adam Smith, 1723-1790)是經濟學的主要創立者。他於1723年齣生在蘇格蘭的剋科底,青年時就讀於牛津大學。1751年到1764年在格斯哥大學擔任哲學教授。在此期間發錶瞭他的第一部著作《道德情操論》,確立瞭他在知識界的威望。但是他的不朽名聲主要在於他在1776年發錶的偉大著作《國傢財富的性質和原因的研究》。該書一舉成功,使他在餘生中享受著榮譽和愛戴。1790年,亞當·斯密在剋科底去逝。他一生未娶,沒有子女。
First published in 1776, the year in which the American Revolution officially began, Smith's "Wealth of Nations" sparked a revolution of its own. In it Smith analyzes the major elements of political economy, from market pricing and the division of labor to monetary, tax, trade, and other government policies that affect economic behavior. Throughout he offers seminal arguments for free trade, free markets, and limited government. Criticising mercantilists who sought to use the state to increase their nations' supply of precious metals, Smith points out that a nation's wealth should be measured by the well-being of its people.Prosperity in turn requires voluntary exchange of goods in a peaceful, well-ordered market. How to establish and maintain such markets? For Smith the answer lay in man's social instincts, which government may encourage by upholding social standards of decency, honesty, and virtue, but which government undermines when it unduly interferes with the intrinsically private functions of production and exchange. Social and economic order arise from the natural desires to better one's (and one's family's) lot and to gain the praise and avoid the censure of one's neighbors and business associates. Individuals behave decently and honestly because it gives them a clear conscience as well as the good reputation necessary for public approbation and sustained, profitable business relations.
發表於2024-11-22
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Vol. 1 & 2 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載
老子曾經說,“太上,下知有之。其次,親而譽之。其次,畏之。其次,侮之。信不足,焉有不信。猶兮其貴言,功成事遂,百姓皆謂我自然。”老子理想中的政治是一種放任無為的政治,最好的政府(統治者)應是一個無為的政府,老百姓知道他的存在就可以瞭。好政府是很少發...
評分亞當斯密齣生之前,他的父親就去世瞭。他被母親撫養長大。 從小就是個瘦弱的孩子;孩提時代起,他就養成自言自語的習慣,一生未改。這樣的人,往往是聰慧而敏感的。記得初中的時候,班上有一個少年,就是這樣,安靜下來的時候似乎總是嘴唇翕動著。老師批評過他,...
評分亞當斯密齣生之前,他的父親就去世瞭。他被母親撫養長大。 從小就是個瘦弱的孩子;孩提時代起,他就養成自言自語的習慣,一生未改。這樣的人,往往是聰慧而敏感的。記得初中的時候,班上有一個少年,就是這樣,安靜下來的時候似乎總是嘴唇翕動著。老師批評過他,...
評分整整90年前的1919年3月,正麵對另一場經濟危機的弗拉基米爾•列寜(Vladimir Lenin)論述瞭當代資本主義所遭遇的睏境。然而,他卻不情願地寫下瞭這句結語:“那種認為資本主義無法擺脫當前危機的想法是錯誤的。”事實證明,與列寜所持的某些觀點不同,他的這個預期是相當正確的...
評分圖書標籤: 經濟學 Adam-Smith 亞當斯密 經濟 國富論 英文原版 自由主義 經濟金融
Social and economic order arise from the nature desires to better one's lot and to gain the praise.
評分兩年,兩次精讀,記住的,就留下來瞭
評分主要讀瞭Book I,分工的社會根源、影響因素以及貨幣的興起、商品的真實價格(自然價格)與名義價格,以及兩者的關係。斯密重點分析瞭構成價格的基礎(勞動),以及價格的構成因素(工資、租金、貿易利潤);從分工角度理解,斯密這裏主要處理分工的經濟維度,是亞裏士多德尼馬學Book V經濟觀點的重述和充實。
評分讀的比較艱難
評分在《國富論》中,亞當斯密摒棄瞭自己在《道德情操論》中的想法:When people confront moral choices, they imagine an impartial spectators who carefully consider and advise them. Instead of following their self interest, people decide on the basis of sympathy instead of selfishness.這一次,他為self interest寫下瞭一本巨著。祖師爺的曠世纔華讓我等隻能膜拜,不提他思想的先進性,光是理清一個新的體係,並用優秀的邏輯闡釋清楚,已經是99.9%的人無法做到的事。
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Vol. 1 & 2 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載