British philosopher, anthropologist and sociologist, self-described Enlightenment rationalist fundamentalist, born to Czech parents in Paris and raised in Prague, where he lived the last few years of his life, and died in 1995. He received a very thorough training in the Wittgensteinian "linguistic" or "ordinary language" philosophy fashionable in Britain (and more particularly Oxford) in the '50s, and found himself quite unable to believe it, so he ran away to become an anthropologist, and studied the Berbers because a mountaineering group at the London School of Economics organized a trip to the Atlas. His first book, Words and Things (1959; preface by Russell, to whom he dedicated his second book) combined a crushing philosophical critique of linguistic philosophy with a sociological analysis of "the narodniks of North Oxford", "an intelligentsia without ideas." It was at once a succès de scandale (probably the only kind Gellner wanted, frankly) and the first real demonstration of his style: a devastating, hilarious combination of learning and intellectual seriousness with verbal play and irreverence, in particular an almost uncanny talent for finding apt, mocking names for things and ideas.
发表于2024-05-14
Nations and Nationalism 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书
作者:西闪 □思想光谱 有人说,民族是一个不证自明的实体。也有人讲,民族是一个想像的共同体。这两种说法巧妙地避开了为民族下一个确切的定义。因为人们发现,民族是一个如此难以把握的对象。尽管语言、人种、领土、宗教或者文化等因素被用来定义民族,但都无法...
评分 评分一本对各种理论进行比较,并从中建构出自己得理论模式的书,所用文献极少,但阐述了详尽的观点,并做出突破。虽然常常有看不懂和不理解的地方,但的确值得一读。是从一个新的角度(教育体系,识字文化)来理解民族主义的,论述在前半部书让我有点不明白他在说什么,但是随着逐...
评分一本对各种理论进行比较,并从中建构出自己得理论模式的书,所用文献极少,但阐述了详尽的观点,并做出突破。虽然常常有看不懂和不理解的地方,但的确值得一读。是从一个新的角度(教育体系,识字文化)来理解民族主义的,论述在前半部书让我有点不明白他在说什么,但是随着逐...
评分一本对各种理论进行比较,并从中建构出自己得理论模式的书,所用文献极少,但阐述了详尽的观点,并做出突破。虽然常常有看不懂和不理解的地方,但的确值得一读。是从一个新的角度(教育体系,识字文化)来理解民族主义的,论述在前半部书让我有点不明白他在说什么,但是随着逐...
图书标签: Nationalism 政治学 民族主义 社会学 文化研究 比较政治 社会 国家建设
Nationalism is one of the most powerful forces in the modern world, yet it is surprisingly little studied and only imperfectly understood, either by its adherents or its opponents. Its irruption into the modern world is often explained as a resurgence of primitive, atavistic instincts, or as a delusion fostered by a few theoreticians, politicians or propagandists.
The present volume interprets nationalism in terms of its social roots, which it locates in industrial social organization. A society that aims for affluence and economic growth, Professor Gellner argues, depends on innovation, occupational mobility, mass media, universal literacy, and education in a shared, standard idiom. Taken together these transform the relationship between culture and the state. The functioning of the society depends on an all-embracing educational system, tied to one culture and protected by a state identified with that culture. The principle one state, one culture makes itself felt, and political units which do not conform to it feel the strain in the form of nationalist activity. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Table of Contents
About the Authors vii
About this Edition viii
Editor's Preface to the First Edition R. I. Moore, Founding Editor ix
Acknowledgements for the First Edition xi
Introduction John Breuilly xiii
1 Definitions 1
State and Nation 3
The Nation 5
2 Culture in Agrarian Society 8
Power and Culture in the Agro-literate Polity 9
Culture 11
The State in Agrarian Society 13
The Varieties of Agrarian Rulers 14
3 Industrial Society 19
The Society of Perpetual Growth 23
Social Genetics 29
The Age of Universal High Culture 34
4 The Transition to an Age of Nationalism 38
A Note on the Weakness of Nationalism 42
Wild and Garden Cultures 48
5 What is a Nation? 52
The Course of True Nationalism Never did Run Smooth 57
6 Social Entropy and Equality in Industrial Society 62
Obstacles to Entropy 63
Fissures and Barriers 72
A Diversity of Focus 73
7 A Typology of Nationalisms 85
The Varieties of Nationalist Experience 94
Diaspora Nationalism 98
8 The Future of Nationalism 106
Industrial Culture - One or Many? 110
9 Nationalism and Ideology 118
Who is for Nuremberg? 125
One Nation, One State 128
10 Conclusion 131
What is not being Said 131
Summary 133
非常functionalism的作品,但也很philosophical。nationalism theory里面比较经典的作品了。
评分还蛮有意思的一个 argument,认为现代社会的经济结构-即工作的流动性促使 literary culture成为一个必要性的东西,以便人们可以更有能力去换工作,进行更为准确的沟通。而这一变化促使专门教育机构的形成,为 nationalism奠定了基础
评分非常functionalism的作品,但也很philosophical。nationalism theory里面比较经典的作品了。
评分Gellner认为民族主义起源于社会由静态农业生产转型为发展型工业生产的经济需求。由于人口流动性增大,各职业间可以相互转换,打破面对面社会小单位之间的隔阂,因此需要形式化的文字和交流工具,有且只有国家的暴力机器有能力和动机承载如此庞大的教育任务。用Gellner的话说,对教育的垄断才是民族国家的最重要特点。而这又使得folk culture接受或形成自己的high culture,Little tradition则被Great tradition兼并或自身进化为Great tradition。对High culture形成的讨论十分有意义,但忽视了这个过程中民族神话与历史记忆的关系,譬如在讨论语言与印刷工业时表示“只有懂得此语言者被包含在道德与经济共同体之中”,而“到底说了什么则并不重要”。
评分还蛮有意思的一个 argument,认为现代社会的经济结构-即工作的流动性促使 literary culture成为一个必要性的东西,以便人们可以更有能力去换工作,进行更为准确的沟通。而这一变化促使专门教育机构的形成,为 nationalism奠定了基础
Nations and Nationalism 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书