約瑟夫·海勒（1923一），美國黑色幽默派代錶作傢，齣生於紐約市布魯剋林一個猶太移民傢庭。第二次世界大戰期間曾任空軍中尉。戰後進大學學習，1948年畢業於紐約大學。1949年在哥倫比亞大學獲文學碩士學位後，得到富布賴特研究基金赴英國牛津大學深造一年。1950到1952年在賓夕法尼亞州立大學等校任教。此後即離開學校，到《時代》和《展望》等雜誌編輯部任職。1961年，長篇小說《第二十二條軍規》問世，一舉成名，當年即放棄職務，專門從事寫作。

除《第二十二條軍規》外，海勒還發錶過長篇小說兩部：《齣瞭毛病》（1974）和《像高爾德一樣好》（1979）。前者通過對美國中産階級經理人員日常生活的描寫，反映瞭他們苦悶、彷徨的精神世界；後者用詼諧嘲諷的筆法，通過一個試圖涉足官場的猶太知識分子的生活經曆，描繪瞭一幅有關美國政治、社會生活的諷刺畫。海勒也曾寫過劇本，如《我們轟炸瞭紐黑文》等，但影響不大。

海勒的小說取材於現實生活，通過藝術的哈哈鏡和放大鏡，反映瞭美國社會生活的若乾側麵，具有一定的認識價值和審美價值。當然，他的作品也帶有黑色幽默派文學的一些通病，如對社會現實流露齣無可奈何的心情等。

Catch-22 is like no other novel. It is one of the funniest books ever written, a keystone work in American literature, and even added a new term to the dictionary.

　　At the heart of Catch-22 resides the incomparable, malingering bombardier, Yossarian, a hero endlessly inventive in his schemes to save his skin from the horrible chances of war. His efforts are perfectly understandable because as he furiously scrambles, thousands of people he hasn't even met are trying to kill him. His problem is Colonel Cathcart, who keeps raising the number of missions the men must fly to complete their service. Yet if Yossarian makes any attempts to excuse himself from the perilous missions that he is committed to flying, he is trapped by the Great Loyalty Oath Crusade, the hilariously sinister bureaucratic rule from which the book takes its title: a man is considered insane if he willingly continues to fly dangerous combat missions, but if he makes the necessary formal request to be relieved of such missions, the very act of making the request proves that he is sane and therefore ineligible to be relieved.

　　Catch-22 is a microcosm of the twentieth-century world as it might look to some one dangerously sane -- a masterpiece of our time.

　　There was a time when reading Joseph Heller's classic satire on the murderous insanity of war was nothing less than a rite of passage. Echoes of Yossarian, the wise-ass bombardier who was too smart to die but not smart enough to find a way out of his predicament, could be heard throughout the counterculture. As a result, it's impossible not to consider Catch-22 to be something of a period piece. But 40 years on, the novel's undiminished strength is its looking-glass logic. Again and again, Heller's characters demonstrate that what is commonly held to be good, is bad; what is sensible, is nonsense.

　　Yossarian says, "You're talking about winning the war, and I am talking about winning the war and keeping alive."

　　"Exactly," Clevinger snapped smugly. "And which do you think is more important?"

　　"To whom?" Yossarian shot back. "It doesn't make a damn bit of difference who wins the war to someone who's dead."

　　"I can't think of another attitude that could be depended upon to give greater comfort to the enemy."

　　"The enemy," retorted Yossarian with weighted precision, "is anybody who's going to get you killed, no matter which side he's on."

　　Mirabile dictu, the book holds up post-Reagan, post-Gulf War. It's a good thing, too. As long as there's a military, that engine of lethal authority, Catch-22 will shine as a handbook for smart-alecky pacifists. It's an utterly serious and sad, but damn funny book.