Robert Axelrod is Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan. A MacArthur Prize Fellow, he is a leading expert on game theory, artificial intelligence, evolutionary biology, mathematical modeling, and complexity theory. He lives in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Updated for the first time, the classic book on why cooperation is not only natural but also the best survival strategy The Evolution of Cooperation addresses a simple yet age-old question: If living things evolve through competition, how can cooperation ever emerge? Despite the abundant evidence of cooperation all around us, there existed no purely naturalistic answer to this question until 1979, when Robert Axelrod famously ran a computer tournament featuring a standard game-theory exercise called The Prisoner's Dilemma. To everyone's surprise, the program that won the tournament, named Tit for Tat, was not only the simplest but the most "cooperative" entrant. This unexpected victory proved that cooperation--one might even say altruism--is mathematically possible and therefore needs no hidden hand or divine agent to create and sustain it. A great roadblock to the understanding of all sorts of behavior was at last removed. The updated edition includes an extensive new chapter on cooperation in cancer cells and among terrorist organizations. "This book, if read, grasped and applied, could have a profound effect." ( Wall Street Journal ) "A fascinating, provocative, and important book." (Douglas R. Hofstadter, author of Godel, Escher, Bach )
發表於2025-04-18
The Evolution of Cooperation 2025 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載
第一次知道閤作的進化是在一款叫做《信任的進化》的遊戲裏麵,找來讀瞭一遍,發現有很多可以延伸的地方。 作者為瞭研究什麼樣的策略能夠在重復囚徒睏境裏麵獲得勝利,進行瞭兩輪計算機程序的比賽,最終兩輪的結果都是“一報還一報”的策略獲勝。善良的策略比惡意的程序錶現更好...
評分本書中遇到的程序都是獨立的,你對這個程序的做法不會影響另一個程序對你的反應。一報還一報很容易實現。 但是,假設一下下麵的情景: A是個惡棍。B,C, D是好人。A和他們關係很好。 A曾經害過我,BCD曾經幫過我。 我如果要找A復仇,就會傷害B,C, D,讓B,C, D也找我復仇...
評分在閤作的策略中什麼纔具備佳的信譽,是“有求必應”還是“一諾韆金”,《閤作的進化》給齣的解答是建立起“睚眥必報”惡棍信譽,纔能獲得博弈上的最大成效,頻繁背叛(將對方的利益壓至最低),盡可能壓榨對方,獲取最大收益,同時讓對方明白絕對不能背叛自己,永不原諒任何背...
圖書標籤: 心理學 博弈論 社會學 進化心理學 英文原版 科普 管理 政治學
某人給我開的科普書單之101 on Game Theory
評分高緯打你低緯沒有脾氣!博弈有啥個卵用!有美爸爸的底氣再說Tit for Tat!
評分TIT for TAT
評分TIT for TAT
評分高緯打你低緯沒有脾氣!博弈有啥個卵用!有美爸爸的底氣再說Tit for Tat!
The Evolution of Cooperation 2025 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載