董春方：建築學工學博士，畢業於同濟大學 建築與城市規劃學院；

長期從事建築設計方法研究，並擁有豐富的建築設計實踐經驗；

香港大學建築係訪問學者，遊曆歐洲多國，並與澳大利亞新南威爾斯大學、日本大阪大學、香港城市大學等建立研究與教學閤作。

這是一本有關城市高密度與建築學觀念及方法論的文本。

本書以城市高密度為環境條件與預設，論述因高密度而激發的建築學方法。

內容分為上、下篇兩大部分，上篇是背景和基礎研究，下篇是經驗的總結歸納與方法策略的提取及論述。

第一章從宏觀層麵論述瞭高密度建築學的背景研究——緊縮城市與城市高密度環境。通過大量的數據和理論梳理，從人口、社會、經濟、生態環境和城市演進等方麵，論述瞭人類空間訴求的緊迫性和人口膨脹動力、城市化動力、生存條件與環境改善動力、生態補償動力等因素。闡明人類需要空間的事實，並深入闡述瞭人類生存與繁衍所需空間與有限空間之間的尖銳矛盾。繼而陳述瞭城市作為人類生存與發展的重要介質是滿足空間訴求的切要。以此為依據，再通過中觀層麵描述城市高密度環境狀態；闡述瞭城市高密度存在的必然性和曆史性、對城市多樣性與繁榮的價值，以及對可持續發展的積極意義。

第二章分析論述瞭密度與高密度的含義，並作為基礎性內容為後續章節高密度建築學方法策略的論述提供理論鋪墊和技術支持。本章通過基本的數值量度和復閤的人類感知概念，以物理密度、感覺密度和高密度三方麵解釋瞭密度的多種含義和量度方法。陳述瞭確定清晰物理密度量度的精確定義和方法，並進一步指齣需要將多種密度指標結閤成一種整體性的評價方法，用於評價、描述與預測建築與城市形態、城市環境的關係，以及所呈現的密度狀態。最後明確界定瞭城市高密度的內容和範圍，厘清瞭高密度與城市高密度環境的含義和所指，並尋找發現其中的特徵和潛能、存在問題和關聯因素，從而為存在於之中的建築應對策略與方法提供針對性依據。

第三章以時間為綫索迴顧瞭自20世紀初到21世紀近百年的基於城市高密度環境條件的建築應變、實踐與發展的曆史。解析由城市高密度環境而激發的應對高密度的建築理想、概念和理念，以及從探索、試驗到實踐的經驗。將近百年的針對城市高密度環境的建築應變與實踐的曆史分成三個時間階段，分彆為20世紀初至40年代的初始階段、50年代至80年代的發展階段以及90年代至21世紀初的成熟階段。以密度的視角聚焦、獨特地解析其中不同的建築探索和實踐所隱含的策略與應變方法，將從中總結歸納的經驗作為第四章高密度建築學策略的摹本與素材。

第四章在分析、歸納和總結第三章建築應變與實踐的經驗基礎上，利用第一章背景研究的成果和結論並結閤第二章密度的基礎技術和理論，展開針對城市高密度環境的建築學策略的論述，也是高密度建築學的主要觀點。在解釋瞭這種特定環境狀態下的建築學策略的含義和內容之後，提取並歸納高密度建築學六大策略——多樣性原則、親近性原則、空中空間利用模式、三維立體模式、雜交與共生和空間補償，並逐一展開深入剖析和論述。

最後本書對所提齣的高密度建築學策略的因果關係和邏輯結構作齣總結。作為結論，指齣通過高密度建築學六大策略，以建築為本，挖掘建築構成中被密度所激發的潛能和特質，提升建築空間的質和量並共生於高密度城市環境，最終構建協調發展的城市高密度環境。

關鍵詞： 高密度，建築學，多樣性，親近性，空中空間利用，三維立體，雜交與共生，空間補償

This is a discourse of architecture methodology to urban high density.

Taking urban high density surroundings as precondition, the book discusses and elaborates the architecture strategies induced by high density. It is neither the intention for the text to interpret the specific aesthetics of buildings generated from high density nor to be a role taken to state aesthetics. But to search and study the responsiveness and solution of architecture from high density at the viewpoint of architecture while confronting the vital moment of how to develop cities, as well as to find out the architecture strategies to defuse problems produced by urban developing.

The book consists of two sections, the first of which is to study the background and basis of the text while the second section is about the collecting and summarizing of experiences along side with the demonstration for refinement of strategies.

Chapter one discusses the background of the subject on the macro lever, which is about compact city and urban high density surroundings as the precondition of the research subject. It analyzes the urgency of space need appealed by human being, ranging from efficient cause of population explosion, urbanization, improvement aspiration intensely of existence condition and surroundings to ecological compensation, by a large amount of statistics and classification of relevant theories. It not only clarifies the fact of the space need and the contradiction between the limited space and both existence and development of human being as well. Then it demonstrates that cities are the only option to satisfy the space appeal, when taking them as the medium for human being's existence and development. Afterwards it points out that both space appeal and limited space become the justification to support the value of compact city idea. After that, it states the condition of urban high density surroundings by medium perspective, expounds the necessity and historic significance of urban high density, which is the value to urban diversity and prosperousness, and is of the positive significance to the idea of sustainable development.

Chapter two analyzes and expounds the meanings of density and high density in the way from abstract to concreteness by both medium and micro perspectives, which is taken as the basic content of this subject, simultaneously as the technical support and evidence for the following strategies' discussion. It searches and explains the meanings and measure of density according to physical density, perceptive density and high density in the light of both basic numerical measure and the conception of mutual perception. It elaborates the accurate definitions and methods of physical density measurements. Further more it also points out the necessity to evaluate, describe and predict the relation between architecture and both of urban morphology and surroundings, as well as the emerging density status. Finally, this chapter defines the content and scope of urban high density, clarifies the meaning and signified both of high density and its surroundings. Then it searches and finds out the characteristic, potency, contained problems and related elements of urban high density, so that to discover the pertinent evidences for responsive strategies of architecture in urban high density.

Chapter three reviews the history of responsiveness, practice and evolvement of architecture from the beginning of 20 century to present in 21 century upon urban high density surroundings. It analyzes not only the thought, conception and idea of responsive architecture simulated by urban high density surroundings, and the experiences of its searching, experiment and practicing as well, which are taken as the historic content and practical experience of this subject. The history of practice consists of three stages, which are the initial stage from 1900s to 1940s, the developing stage from 1950s to 1980s and the mature stage from 1990s to present in 21 century. It uniquely analyzes the implicated responsiveness and strategies from differentiated researches and practices of architecture focused by view of density. Then it takes the results as the transcription and source for the following chapter that is about the strategies of architecture to urban high density surroundings.

Chapter four elaborates and discusses the architecture strategies to urban high density surroundings based upon the analysis, experiences and results of chapter three, by utilizing the achievements and conclusions of the background study in chapter one along with the basic technologies and theories of density in chapter two. Once interpreting the meaning and essence of the strategies in such specific surroundings, it refines and concludes the six architecture strategies induced from high density, which consists of diversity principle, proximity principle, model of space usage in the air, 3D model, hybrid and coexistence, and space compensation. Each of them is analyzed and discussed deeply one by one.

Ultimately this text gives the conclusions that include the cause and effect of the architecture strategies, and its logic structure as well. As the final conclusion the text declares that the six strategies are of revealing potencies and specialties consisted in architecture stimulated from density, to promote the quantities and qualities of architectural space that coexist coordinately in urban high density surroundings, for the purpose of towards the fine livable urban high density surroundings.

Moreover, this paper summarizes the significance of the strategies to creative ability for architecture, which would be a new research subject for the future.

Key Words: high density, architecture,

diversity, proximity, space usage in the air, 3D, hybrid and coexistence, space compensation