Being Realistic about Reasons 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书

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T. M. Scanlon received a BA from Princeton in 1962 and a PhD from Harvard in 1968, in between studying for a year at Brasenose College, Oxford. He taught at Princeton from 1966 until 1984, and at Harvard since that time. Scanlon is the author of many articles in moral and political philosophy, and of three books: What We Owe to Each Other (Harvard University Press, 1998), The Difficulty of Tolerance: Essays in Political Philosophy (CUP, 2003), and Moral Dimensions: Permissibility, Meaning, Blame (Harvard University Press, 2008).

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发表于2024-11-24

Being Realistic about Reasons 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书

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本书是基于斯坎伦2009年在牛津的洛克讲座讲稿修订而成，薄薄一本，除开首尾非正文部分，只有123页，却包含了当代伦理学的大量问题。从规范性问题、动机问题、认知主义-非认知主义，到形而上学和知识论，斯坎伦可谓信手拈来。除了他一贯简洁和清晰的行文，有时读起来感觉他已步...

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出版者:Oxford University Press

作者:T. M. Scanlon

出品人:

页数:144

译者:

出版时间:2014-3-15

价格:USD 29.95

装帧:Hardcover

isbn号码:9780199678488

丛书系列:

图书标签: 哲学 ethics 伦理学 Philosophy 元伦理学 normative 实践基础 reason

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T. M. Scanlon offers a qualified defense of normative cognitivism—the view that there are irreducibly normative truths about reasons for action. He responds to three familiar objections: that such truths would have troubling metaphysical implications; that we would have no way of knowing what they are; and that the role of reasons in motivating and explaining action could not be explained if accepting a conclusion about reasons for action were a kind of belief. Scanlon answers the first of these objections within a general account of ontological commitment, applying to mathematics as well as normative judgments. He argues that the method of reflective equilibrium, properly understood, provides an adequate account of how we come to know both normative truths and mathematical truths, and that the idea of a rational agent explains the link between an agent's normative beliefs and his or her actions. Whether every statement about reasons for action has a determinate truth value is a question to be answered by an overall account of reasons for action, in normative terms. Since it seems unlikely that there is such an account, the defense of normative cognitivism offered here is qualified: statements about reasons for action can have determinate truth values, but it is not clear that all of them do. Along the way, Scanlon offers an interpretation of the distinction between normative and non-normative claims, a new account of the supervenience of the normative on the non-normative, an interpretation of the idea of the relative strength of reasons, and a defense of the method of reflective equilibrium.

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一本非常可敬的小册子，斯坎伦在一系列metaethics问题跟其他大家（尤其Williams、Korsgaard、Harman）的对话不可不谓精彩——虽然我依旧不能赞同Scanlon的这种（reason） realism。

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一百来页构筑了一个完整一致的元伦理系统，回应了几乎所有该领域的主要问题。再仔细铺展一下主要论点就更好了，感觉写成五百页都不过。

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如果说元伦理学是汪洋大海，那这份作品就是其中最高的浪尖之一。短短百多页探讨了元伦理学领域内几乎所有的重要问题，基于理由基础主义立场，并着重回击了建构主义（Korsgaard、O'Neil、Rawls）和基于欲望的主观主义（很多论证应该是从帕菲特那里得到了启发）；基于实在论立场回击了表达主义乃至规范表达主义（Gibbard））；承继卡尔纳普和奎因的相关学说提出领域多元论，和一种robust naturalistic realism（Enoch）拉开距离，并回应古怪性挑战和随附性挑战；借用罗尔斯的反思平衡模型为强认知主义奠基，同时为（部分的）道德多元论提供可能。唯一美中不足的就是对外在主义的回应太少（真正的回应其实只有一段），借Davidson的理论轻飘飘地打过了太极......

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一盘大棋，如何不用康德的方法谈实践理性和行动的规范性。

Being Realistic about Reasons 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书