Maoism at the Grassroots

出版者:Harvard University Press

作者:Jeremy Brown (Editors)

页数:480

出版时间:2015-10-13

价格:USD 49.95

装帧:Hardcover

isbn号码:9780674287204

具体描述

The Maoist state’s dominance over Chinese society, achieved through such watersheds as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, is well known. Maoism at the Grassroots reexamines this period of transformation and upheaval from a new perspective, one that challenges the standard state-centered view. Bringing together scholars from China, Europe, North America, and Taiwan, this volume marshals new research to reveal a stunning diversity of individual viewpoints and local experiences during China’s years of high socialism.

Focusing on the period from the mid-1950s to 1980, the authors provide insights into the everyday lives of citizens across social strata, ethnicities, and regions. They explore how ordinary men and women risked persecution and imprisonment in order to assert personal beliefs and identities. Many displayed a shrewd knack for negotiating the maze-like power structures of everyday Maoism, appropriating regime ideology in their daily lives while finding ways to express discontent and challenge the state’s pervasive control.

Heterogeneity, limited pluralism, and tensions between official and popular culture were persistent features of Maoism at the grassroots. Men had gay relationships in factory dormitories, teenagers penned searing complaints in diaries, mentally ill individuals cursed Mao, farmers formed secret societies and worshipped forbidden spirits. These diverse undercurrents were as representative of ordinary people’s lives as the ideals promulgated in state propaganda.

作者简介

Jeremy Brown is Associate Professor of History at Simon Fraser University.

Matthew D. Johnson is Assistant Professor of History and Chair of East Asian Studies at Grinnell College.

目录信息

Introduction [Jeremy Brown and Matthew D. Johnson]
Part I. Crimes, Labels, and Punishment
1. How a “Bad Element” Was Made: The Discovery, Accusation, and Punishment of Zang Qiren [Yang Kuisong]
2. Moving Targets: Changing Class Labels in Rural Hebei and Henan, 1960–1979 [Jeremy Brown]
3. An Overt Conspiracy: Creating Rightists in Rural Henan, 1957–1958 [Cao Shuji]
4. Revising Political Verdicts in Post-Mao China: The Case of Beijing’s Fengtai District [Daniel Leese]
Part II. Mobilization
5. Liberation from the Loom? Rural Women, Textile Work, and Revolution in North China [Jacob Eyferth]
6. Youth and the “Great Revolutionary Movement” of Scientific Experiment in 1960s–1970s Rural China [Sigrid Schmalzer]
7. Adrift in Tianjin, 1976: A Diary of Natural Disaster, Everyday Urban Life, and Exile to the Countryside [Sha Qingqing and Jeremy Brown]
Part III. Culture and Communication
8. Beneath the Propaganda State: Official and Unofficial Cultural Landscapes in Shanghai, 1949–1965 [Matthew D. Johnson]
9. China’s “Great Proletarian Information Revolution” of 1966–1967 [Michael Schoenhals]
10. The Dilemma of Implementation: The State and Religion in the People’s Republic of China, 1949–1990 [Xiaoxuan Wang]
Part IV. Discontent
11. Radical Agricultural Collectivization and Ethnic Rebellion: The Communist Encounter with a “New Emperor” in Guizhou’s Mashan Region, 1956 [Wang Haiguang]
12. Caught between Opposing Han Chauvinism and Opposing Local Nationalism: The Drift toward Ethnic Antagonism in Xinjiang Society, 1952–1963 [Zhe Wu]
13. Redemptive Religious Societies and the Communist State, 1949 to the 1980s [S. A. Smith]
Epilogue: Mao’s China—Putting Politics in Perspective [Vivienne Shue]
Notes
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Index
· · · · · · (收起)

用户评价

The title "Maoism at the Grassroots" immediately conjures images of deep dives into the soil of everyday life, away from the rarefied air of political theory. My personal fascination lies precisely in this space – the intersection of grand ideological movements and the lived realities of ordinary people. I'm eager to see how this book unpacks the practical manifestations of Maoism in the villages, factories, and neighborhoods where it was meant to take root. What were the tangible impacts on work, family, community, and individual aspirations? I'm hoping for a scholarly yet vivid account that is rich in specific examples, perhaps drawing from extensive fieldwork, oral histories, and local archives. The "grassroots" suggests a focus on the ground-level actors – the farmers, workers, local cadres – and I'm particularly keen to understand their perspectives, motivations, and the ways in which they interpreted and implemented (or perhaps resisted) the overarching ideology. I'm not seeking a simplistic narrative of either unwavering adherence or outright rebellion, but rather a nuanced portrayal of the complexities and contradictions inherent in such a process. China is a vast and diverse country, and I anticipate that the experience of Maoism at the grassroots would have varied significantly across different regions and social strata. I hope the book explores these variations and offers insights into how local conditions shaped the reception and impact of the ideology. Ultimately, I'm looking for a book that offers a more human and granular understanding of a significant historical period, moving beyond the abstract to illuminate the concrete experiences of those who lived through it.

When I first encountered the title "Maoism at the Grassroots," my immediate thought was one of intrigued anticipation. It promises a perspective that often gets lost in broader historical narratives – the lived experience of ideology at its most fundamental level. I'm someone who is deeply fascinated by the ways in which grand political movements filter down and interact with the daily realities of ordinary people. Therefore, this book’s focus on the "grassroots" is precisely what draws me in. I'm not necessarily looking for a rehash of well-trodden theoretical debates about Maoism, but rather for a detailed, perhaps even intimate, portrayal of how it was understood, implemented, and experienced in specific local contexts. My hope is that the author has undertaken extensive fieldwork, engaging with primary sources that capture the voices and perspectives of those who lived through this era at the ground level. I'm particularly curious about the practical implications of Maoist policies. How did they manifest in terms of agricultural practices, community organization, social relations, and individual aspirations? Did the ideology foster a sense of collective purpose and empowerment, or did it lead to alienation and hardship? The title suggests a deep dive into these practicalities, and I am eager to see if the book delivers on this promise with vivid anecdotes and insightful analysis. I’m also interested in the potential for regional variations. China is a vast country with diverse cultures and social structures. I expect that the manifestation of Maoism at the grassroots would not have been uniform. I’m hoping the book explores these differences and sheds light on how local factors influenced the reception and implementation of the ideology. Ultimately, I’m seeking a book that offers a nuanced, human-centered account of a significant historical period, moving beyond generalizations to explore the lived realities of people on the ground.

The very title, "Maoism at the Grassroots," immediately piqued my intellectual curiosity. It hints at a departure from the more common, often top-down, analyses of Maoism that focus on leadership decisions and national policy. Instead, it suggests an exploration of how this ideology was lived, experienced, and perhaps even reinterpreted by ordinary people in their everyday lives. My primary hope is that the author has managed to move beyond abstract theoretical discussions and delve into concrete, empirical realities. I'm particularly interested in the methodologies employed. How does one study "Maoism at the grassroots"? I anticipate the use of oral histories, ethnographic research, and careful analysis of local archives and publications to paint a vivid picture of this phenomenon. The "grassroots" aspect is key – it implies a focus on the local, the regional, and the individual. I'm eager to understand the diverse ways in which Maoist principles were implemented and adapted across different geographical and social contexts. Were there instances of genuine popular support, reluctant compliance, or even subtle forms of resistance? The book's success will, in my view, hinge on its ability to portray the complexities and contradictions inherent in such a process. I'm not looking for a simplistic narrative of either triumph or failure, but rather a nuanced account that acknowledges the multifaceted impact of Maoism on the lives of ordinary citizens. I want to understand how ideology intersected with existing social structures, cultural norms, and individual aspirations. The title suggests a focus on the practical application and lived experience of Maoism, and I'm hopeful that the author has delivered a rich and insightful account that goes beyond mere description to offer genuine analysis.

The title "Maoism at the Grassroots" immediately struck me as a potentially groundbreaking exploration. So much of the discourse surrounding Maoism focuses on the pronouncements of leaders and the grand sweep of national policy. What this title suggests, however, is a dive into the soil, into the everyday lives and local adaptations of this ideology. My interest is particularly piqued by the prospect of understanding how a complex political doctrine was translated into practical realities for ordinary people. I'm not looking for a simple retelling of historical events, but rather a nuanced examination of the human element. I hope the book offers a rich tapestry of voices, perhaps through oral histories, personal accounts, or detailed case studies of specific villages or communities. My anticipation is that the author has carefully investigated how Maoist principles were understood, internalized, and perhaps even subtly subverted by those at the receiving end. Was it a period of genuine ideological fervor, or was it largely a matter of compliance driven by external pressures? The "grassroots" aspect suggests a focus on the local, the tangible, and the lived. I’m eager to see how the book illuminates the impact of Maoism on social structures, family dynamics, and individual agency. I’m also keenly interested in the author’s methodology. How does one access and interpret the experiences of those at the grassroots level, particularly from a period that may be distant or sensitive? I’m hoping for a scholarly yet accessible account that avoids jargon and presents a compelling narrative that resonates with the complexities of human experience within a specific historical and political context. The title itself is an invitation to explore the intricate interplay between ideology and everyday life, and I am eager to see how this invitation is fulfilled.

坦白说，初次看到《Maoism at the Grassroots》这个书名时，我内心深处涌起了一股难以抑制的期待。在阅读了无数关于宏大历史叙事和政治理论的书籍后，我越来越渴望深入到那些被宏大叙事所遮蔽的细节之中，去探寻历史的真实肌理。这本书恰恰承诺了这一点，它似乎要将我们带离权力的中心，去观察一个政治思想如何在最基层、最朴素的土壤中扎根、生长，甚至是变异。我尤其关注的是，作者是否能够成功地还原出那些发生在普通人身上的故事。究竟是怎样的力量，让一种思想能够渗透到千家万户，影响着人们的耕作方式、邻里关系，乃是他们内心深处最朴素的情感？我期待书中能够提供大量的具体事例，就像一幅幅生动的画面，让我们看到“毛主义”是如何在中国的乡村和城市边缘被理解、被实践、被修正的。我非常希望这本书能够避免那种空洞的理论分析，而是通过鲜活的人物和事件，去展现一个更加立体、更加真实的历史侧面。这本书的书名本身就充满了探索的意味，它暗示着一种自下而上的视角，一种对基层生活和普通人经验的关注。我期待作者能够用严谨的研究和细腻的笔触，为我们揭示“毛主义”在基层所扮演的复杂角色，它究竟是一种工具，一种信仰，还是一种在特定历史条件下，普通人为了生存和发展而不得不采取的策略？我希望这本书能够给我带来一种“身临其境”的阅读体验，让我仿佛能够听到田间地头的呼喊，感受到村庄里的集会，理解那些在历史洪流中个体所经历的挣扎与选择。

这本书的封面设计着实令人眼前一亮，一种粗犷而又充满力量的美学风格跃然纸上。书名“Maoism at the Grassroots”本身就带着一种强烈的冲击力，让人不禁好奇，究竟是什么样的“毛主义”能在基层土壤中生根发芽，又会结出怎样的果实？我一直对历史的复杂性以及普通人在其中扮演的角色充满兴趣，而这本书恰恰触及了我内心深处的好奇点。从最初被这本书吸引，到翻开它的第一页，再到深入阅读其中的篇章，我始终被一种强烈的吸引力所驱使，想要去理解那个特定历史时期，在中国的广袤土地上，一种政治思想如何渗透进寻常百姓的生活，影响着他们的日常劳作、家庭关系，甚至是最微小的喜怒哀乐。我特别关注的是，作者是如何去描绘那些具体的、发生在田间地头、村庄巷陌的事件的。那些看似零散的故事，是否能汇聚成一条清晰的脉络，展现出“毛主义”在基层运作的真实景象？它究竟是一种自上而下的灌输，还是一种在特定社会结构和文化背景下，被农民们以某种方式所接受、转化、甚至是有选择性地采纳的现象？我期待书中能有大量的田野调查素材，比如生动的口述历史，对当事人及其后代的采访，或者对当时的报刊、地方志的细致爬梳，以此来构建一个立体、可信的基层叙事。我希望这本书能够避免空洞的理论说教，而是通过鲜活的案例，让我们看到“毛主义”如何在具体的社会实践中被理解、被演绎、被遗忘、或者被传承。我想知道，当年的基层干部是如何在实践中理解和执行政策的？普通农民又是如何回应这些政策的？他们的生活在“毛主义”的影响下，发生了哪些具体的变化？是积极的，还是消极的？是深刻的，还是表面的？这些都是我迫切想要在书中找到答案的问题。

When I saw "Maoism at the Grassroots," my immediate thought was a desire for a more intimate, less abstract understanding of this significant historical period. So much of the literature tends to focus on the grand pronouncements and national-level strategies, leaving the lived experiences of ordinary people somewhat obscured. This title promises to redress that imbalance. I am particularly drawn to the "grassroots" emphasis, as it suggests a focus on the micro-level interactions, the local adaptations, and the personal impacts of Maoist ideology. I'm hoping for a book that is rich in anecdotal evidence and detailed case studies, perhaps drawing from extensive fieldwork and oral histories. What did Maoism actually look like in the day-to-day lives of peasants, factory workers, and village cadres? How did they interpret and implement policies? Were there instances of genuine enthusiasm, reluctant compliance, or subtle forms of resistance? The title implies a journey into these specificities, and I'm eager to see how the author navigates the complexities of this often sensitive subject. I'm not looking for a simplified narrative, but rather a nuanced exploration that acknowledges the diversity of experiences across different regions and social strata of China. The success of this book, in my view, will lie in its ability to paint a vivid and human picture of how a powerful ideology was lived, breathed, and perhaps even reshaped at the most fundamental levels of society. I'm anticipating a scholarly yet engaging account that brings the past to life through the voices and experiences of those who were there.

对于《Maoism at the Grassroots》这本书，我的 initial reaction is one of cautious optimism, tinged with a healthy dose of academic skepticism. The title itself promises a departure from the grand, often theoretical, analyses of Maoism that tend to dominate historical discourse. Instead, it suggests a focus on the granular, the lived experiences of individuals and communities grappling with this ideology at its most immediate level. My hope is that the author has managed to navigate the treacherous terrain of political history with a keen eye for nuance and a commitment to empirical evidence. I'm particularly interested in how the book addresses the inherent power dynamics at play. Was the implementation of Maoist ideology at the grassroots a uniform process, or were there significant regional variations, local adaptations, and perhaps even forms of subtle resistance or reinterpretation? I’m not looking for a hagiography or a condemnation, but rather a dispassionate yet deeply human exploration of how an overarching political philosophy manifested itself in the daily lives of ordinary Chinese citizens. The "grassroots" aspect is crucial here. It implies a focus on the common person, the farmer, the factory worker, the village cadre, whose perspectives are often lost in broader historical narratives. I'm eager to see if the book offers detailed case studies, perhaps focusing on specific villages or communes, to illustrate the complex interplay between ideology and lived reality. What were the motivations behind people's adherence to or deviation from Maoist principles? How did collective efforts and ideological campaigns reshape social structures, family dynamics, and individual aspirations? The title suggests a focus on the "how," and I sincerely hope the author delivers on this promise by providing concrete examples and rich qualitative data, rather than relying on broad generalizations.

The title "Maoism at the Grassroots" instantly grabbed my attention. It promises to pull back the curtain on the practical, often messy, realities of how a powerful ideology was implemented and experienced by ordinary people. I'm tired of abstract theoretical discussions that often overlook the human element, and this title suggests exactly the kind of grounded, empirical investigation I find most compelling. My primary expectation is that the book will provide vivid, concrete examples of Maoist policies in action at the local level. I'm eager to learn about how decisions made at higher echelons translated into the daily lives of farmers, factory workers, and community members. Did it foster a sense of collective purpose and empowerment, or did it lead to hardship and alienation? I'm hoping for a nuanced portrayal that acknowledges the complexities and contradictions inherent in such a process. The "grassroots" aspect also implies a focus on diverse experiences, and I'm particularly interested in how Maoism manifested differently across various regions and social groups within China. I’m not expecting a monolithic narrative but rather an exploration of the variations and adaptations that occurred. The author's methodology will be crucial here; I hope they have utilized rich qualitative data, such as oral histories and detailed case studies, to bring these experiences to life. Ultimately, I'm looking for a book that offers a more intimate and granular understanding of a significant historical period, moving beyond broad generalizations to explore the lived realities of those who were directly impacted.

Upon seeing the title, "Maoism at the Grassroots," my initial reaction was one of profound intrigue. It signals a departure from the common focus on high-level political machinations and instead suggests an investigation into the very fabric of everyday Chinese society during a pivotal era. My academic curiosity is particularly drawn to the "grassroots" aspect. I'm eager to understand how a sweeping political ideology, often presented in abstract terms, was translated into concrete actions, beliefs, and experiences at the local level. What did "Maoism" actually mean to a farmer in a remote village, a factory worker in an industrial town, or a student in a rural commune? I anticipate that the book will offer a rich collection of empirical data, perhaps through meticulously researched case studies, oral histories, or analyses of local publications that capture the nuances of these experiences. My hope is that the author has avoided generalizations and instead delved into the specificities of different regions and communities, acknowledging the diversity of their responses to Maoist policies. I'm not looking for a purely ideological treatise, but rather a grounded, humanistic exploration of how individuals and communities navigated the demands and promises of Maoism. The title implies a focus on the practical, the tangible, and the lived realities of the era. I am hoping for an account that sheds light on the motivations behind people's actions, the ways in which they adapted to or resisted ideological pressures, and the long-term impact of these experiences on their lives. Ultimately, I'm seeking a book that provides a more intimate and granular understanding of a significant historical period, moving beyond the pronouncements of leaders to explore the experiences of those who lived it.

文章总体质量比SD三人组第一本要高，没有特别失望的。Yang，Cao，Brown第一篇，和Eyferth的比较喜欢。Intro和epilogue特别见功力。唯一的隐忧是本书提倡的研究角度和思考方式太过依赖材料。现在似乎要考虑在材料不足的情况下怎样把研究做出新意，在既有的叙事被打破后怎样构建出另一个成型但又不僵化的叙事。

读了一下Daniel Leese、Xiaoxuan Wang和Steve A. Smith，Jacob Eyferth的研究转到纺织业了

bottom up

当中有杨奎松的一篇关于“坏分子”的文章，有关于共和国同性恋史的梳理，待读

bottom-up的研究挺有趣的。最喜歡的還是Jacob那篇研究紡織工業的。