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Two Concepts of Liberty 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书著者简介

Sir Isaiah Berlin, OM (6 June 1909 – 5 November 1997) was a philosopher and historian of ideas, regarded as one of the leading liberal thinkers of the twentieth century. He excelled as an essayist, lecturer and conversationalist; and as a brilliant speaker who delivered, rapidly and spontaneously, richly allusive and coherently structured material, whether for a lecture series at Oxford University or as a broadcaster on the BBC Third Programme, usually without a script. Many of his essays and lectures were later collected in book form.

Born in Riga, now capital of Latvia, then part of the Russian Empire, he was the first person of Jewish descent to be elected to a prize fellowship at All Souls College, Oxford. From 1957 to 1967, he was Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory at the University of Oxford. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1963 to 1964. In 1966, he helped to found Wolfson College, Oxford, and became its first President. He was knighted in 1957, and was awarded the Order of Merit in 1971. He was President of the British Academy from 1974 to 1978. He also received the 1979 Jerusalem Prize for his writings on individual freedom.

Berlin's work on liberal theory has had a lasting influence. His 1958 inaugural lecture, "Two Concepts of Liberty", famous for its distinction between positive and negative liberty, has informed much of the debate since then on the relationship between liberty and other values.

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发表于2024-05-17

Two Concepts of Liberty 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书

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（1）何谓自由以赛亚·伯林（Isaiah Berlin）提出了不受外部干涉和自我支配自身“两种自由”的观点。围绕这种自由观的对立，又关联到是将人视为合理的主体，亦或是道德的主体。而这又会限定我们对应该采取的政治制度的想象。 1958年柏林在演讲中提出消极自由与积...

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出版者:London Oxford University Press

作者:Isaiah Berlin

出品人:

页数:58

译者:

出版时间:ON 31 OCTOBER 1958

价格:60.00 USD

装帧:Soft Cover

isbn号码:9787225000039

丛书系列:

图书标签: 政治哲学以赛亚·伯林自由哲学自由主义政治理論极权主义思想史

Two Concepts of Liberty 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书图书描述

Two Concepts of Liberty was the inaugural lecture delivered by Isaiah Berlin before the University of Oxford on October 31, 1958. It was subsequently published as a 57-page pamphlet by Oxford at the Clarendon Press. It also appears in the collection of Berlin's papers entitled Four Essays on Liberty (1969) and was more recently reissued in a collection entitled simply Liberty (2002).

Berlin distinguished between two forms or concepts of liberty – negative liberty and positive liberty – and argued that the latter concept has often been used to cover up abuse, leading to the curtailment of people's negative liberties "for their own good".

Berlin believed that positive liberty nearly always gave rise to the abuse of power. For when a political leadership believes that they hold the philosophical key to a better future, this sublime end can be used to justify drastic and brutal means. Berlin saw the vanguard elite of the Soviet Union as a prime example of the dangers of 'positive liberty' and the concept can be seen as especially salient during the Cold War, where revolutionary sentiment was rife.

Berlin believed that a more precautious principle was needed, and that was 'negative liberty', where individuals are protected against radical or revolutionary messages, and thus have little grand or existential freedom but are granted the more 'internal' liberty to pursue recreational and consumer interests.

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自由的界限？

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伯林的长句稍显晦涩~至少以我的英语水平来说~不过内容绝对不可错过

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个人观点：对（外界干涉的正当性）的不同态度起源于对[（人的理想状态）的一致性]的不同意见。一致性取决于两个因素：（个体间差异）和（个体属性的变化）。如果“理想人”不随个体而变化（即存在一种普适的理想状态），那么积极自由便可以由外界正当施压以完成。如果“理想人”随个体而变化且不随时间变化，那么想要某类型的改变（戒毒，戒手机，etc）的个体可以向外界申请正当的施压，以外力践行积极自由。如果“理想人”随个体而变化且随时间而（不可预期地）变化，那么在任何情况下外压都无法保证践行个体的积极自由。以上所有的外压都已经默认为“绝对利他”，但仍然只有第一类可能为外压洗白。然而即便如此，外压还必须能证明自己对理想人的定义是正确的，为此历史中也有过太多急于证明自己具备超凡脱俗的奇异属性的尝试。回头看看，止增笑耳

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人类所信仰的所以积极价值是否都能相容呢？消极自由和积极自由最大的区别应该是一个自由是目的，而另一个自由只是实现权力目的的手段而已。而人类信仰的相容和一元则为后者提供了正当性。所以真正的自由是不侵犯他人的前提下选择行为的权力

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Two Concepts of Liberty 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书